A nurse is collecting data from a client who has major depressive disorder. which of the following

• In 2020, an estimated 14.8 million U.S. adults aged 18 or older had at least one major depressive episode with severe impairment in the past year. This number represented 6.0% of all U.S. adults.

• In 2020, an estimated 66.0% U.S. adults aged 18 or older with major depressive episode received treatment in the past year.
• Among those individuals with major depressive episode with severe impairment, an estimated 71.0% received treatment in the past year.

• Figure 2 shows the past year prevalence of major depressive episode among U.S. adolescents in 2020.
  • An estimated 4.1 million adolescents aged 12 to 17 in the United States had at least one major depressive episode. This number represented 17.0% of the U.S. population aged 12 to 17.
  • The prevalence of major depressive episode was higher among adolescent females (25.2%) compared to males (9.2%).
  • The prevalence of major depressive episode was highest among adolescents reporting two or more races (29.9%).

• In 2020, an estimated 2.9 million adolescents aged 12 to 17 in the United States had at least one major depressive episode with severe impairment in the past year. This number represented 12.0% of the U.S. population aged 12 to 17.

• In 2020, an estimated 41.6% of U.S. adolescents with major depressive episode received treatment in the past year.
• Among adolescents with major depressive episode with severe impairment, an estimated 46.9% received treatment in the past year.

Diagnostic Assessment:

• For the NSDUH survey — no exclusions were made for major depressive episode symptoms caused by medical illness, substance use disorders, or medication.
• For the NSDUH survey, methodology developed prior to the 2013 publication of the current DSM-5 was used to facilitate year-to-year comparisons.
• The adult and adolescent questions were adapted from the depression module in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Revisions to the questions in the modules were made primarily to reduce their length and to modify the NCS-R questions, which are interviewer-administered, to the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) format used in NSDUH. In addition, some revisions, based on cognitive testing, were made to improve comprehension. Furthermore, even though titles similar to those used in the NCS-R were used for the NSDUH modules, the results of these items may not be directly comparable. This is mainly due to differing modes of administration in each survey (ACASI in NSDUH vs. computer-assisted personal interviewing in NCS-R), revisions to wording necessary to maintain the logical processes of the ACASI environment, and possible context effects resulting from deleting questions not explicitly pertinent to major depression.
• Some questions in the adult depression module differ slightly from questions in the adolescent depression module; as such, major depressive episode data for adults aged 18 or older should not be compared to or combined with major depressive episode data for youths aged 12 to 17.
• The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was used to assess the impact of major depressive episode on a person’s life. The SDS is a brief self-report tool with ratings from 0 to 10 (with 10 being the highest) for the level of impairment caused by the disorder in each of four role domains: home management, work, close relationships with others, and social life. A rating of ≥7 in at least one domain is considered to be severe impairment. Respondents were excluded if SDS role impairment severity was unknown, or if particular activities listed in the SDS were not applicable. For SDS level of impairment, the role domains for adolescents aged 12 to 17 were slightly modified from those for adults to be made age appropriate.

Population:

• The entirety of NSDUH respondents for the major depressive episode estimates is the civilian, non-institutionalized population aged 12-17 (adolescents) and 18 years old or older (adults) residing within the United States.
• The survey covers residents of households (persons living in houses/townhouses, apartments, condominiums; civilians living in housing on military bases, etc.) and persons in non-institutional group quarters (e.g., shelters, rooming/boarding houses, college dormitories, migratory workers' camps, and halfway houses).
• The survey does not cover persons who, for the entire year, had no fixed address (e.g., homeless and/or transient persons not in shelters); were on active military duty; or who resided in institutional group quarters (e.g., correctional facilities, nursing homes, mental institutions, long-term hospitals).
• Some adults and adolescents in these excluded categories may have had a major depressive episode in the past year, but they are not accounted for in the NSDUH major depressive episode estimates.
• Sex (i.e., male and female) was recorded by the interviewer.

Interview Response and Completion:

• In 2020, 39.6% of the selected NSDUH sample (participants ages 12+) did not complete the interview.
• Reasons for non-response to interviewing include: refusal to participate (10.2%); respondent unavailable or no one at home (25.7%); and other reasons such as physical/mental incompetence or language barriers (3.6%).
• Adults and adolescents with major depressive episode may disproportionately fall into these non-response categories. While NSDUH weighting includes non-response adjustments to reduce bias, these adjustments may not fully account for differential non-response by mental illness status.

Data Suppression:

• For some groups, data are not reported due to low precision. Data may be suppressed in the above charts if the data do not meet acceptable ranges for prevalence estimates, standard error estimates, and sample size.

Background on the 2020 NSDUH and the COVID-19 Pandemic:

• These changes to 2020 NSDUH data collection affected imputation procedures, weighting procedures, presentation of the data, and analysis and interpretation of the data. Given these changes, interpretation of the 2020 NSDUH data must be made with caution.
• Data collection methods for the 2020 NSDUH changed in several ways because of the COVID-19 pandemic: In-person data collection was suspended in all areas in mid-March 2020. No data were collected in Quarter 2, and only a small amount of data were collected in Quarter 3. In-person data collection resumed in limited areas in Quarter 4. A new web mode for data collection was offered in all other areas, resulting in 93 percent of Quarter 4 interviews being completed via the web.
• New questions were added to the Quarter 4 questionnaire that were relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Please see the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Methodological Summary and Definitions report for further information on how these data were collected and calculated.

Last Updated: January 2022