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Terms in this set (21)
Why is it so important to maintain body temperature at 37 degrees C (98.6 degrees F)?
chemical reaction rated in the body will by affected
What events cause the body's temperature to change (4)?
exercise
fever
changes
in environmental temps
cellular metabolism of body
Skin ensures that the amount of body heat lost = amount of body heat produced. How?
when body temperature rises ABOVE the set point, there are methods that may be used to lower temperature.
What are the methods used to lower body temperature (4)?
radiation
conduction
convection
evaporation
What happens in radiation?
heat escapes from warmer surfaces to cooler surroundings
What happens in conduction?
heat moves from body directly into molecules of cooler objects that are in contacts with body's surface
What are examples of conduction?
flipping
a pillow
sitting on a cool chair
What happens in convection?
heat is lost to air and is replaced by cooler air moving toward the body
What are examples of convection?
sitting in front of fan or air conditioner
What happens in evaporation?
eccrine glands releasing sweat onto surface; as fluid changes from liquid to gas, it carries away the heat
What environmental scenarios causes these mechanisms NOT to work (2)?
humid days
extremely hot days
What mechanism has a decrease in effectiveness on humid days?
evaporation
What mechanism has a decrease in effectiveness on extremely hot days?
radiation
What happens when the mechanisms do not lower body body temperature?
leads to hyperthermia
What happens to blood vessels when the body temperature drops below the set point?
constrict to reduce heat loss through radiation, conduction, and convention
What happens to sweat glands when the body temperature drops below the set point?
are inactive
What is the benefit of shivering?
generates heat
What does the nervous system do if body temperature continues to drop?
stimulates muscles to contract which results in shivering
What causes hypothermia?
prolonged exposure to cold renders the body helpless after some time
What are symptoms of hypothermia (6)?
shivering and coldness
progression to confusion
lethargy
loss or reflexes
loss of consciousness
major organs shut down
How many degrees below normal can the extremities withstand?
20-30 degrees F
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