Risk is inherent in all tasks, training, missions, operations, and in personal activities no matter how routine. The most common cause of task degradation or mission failure is human error, specifically the inability to consistently manage risk. ORM reduces or offsets risks by systematically identifying hazards and assessing and controlling the associated risks allowing decisions to be made that weigh risks against mission or task benefits. As professionals, Navy personnel are responsible for managing risk in all tasks while leaders at all levels are responsible for ensuring proper procedures are in place and that appropriate resources are available for their personnel to perform assigned tasks. The Navy vision is to develop an environment in which every officer, enlisted, or civilian person is trained and motivated to personally manage risk in everything they do. This includes on- and off-duty evolutions in peacetime and during conflict, thereby enabling successful completion of any task and mission. Navy commands and activities accomplish this by executing a four pillar strategy. Show TrainingIt is required that all NPS Personnel take ORM training when they come on board, and every three years thereafter.
In addition to these triennial trainings, there is an annual ORM Refresher training. It is required for all individuals (Civilian and Military) per OPNAVINST 3500.39D. Methods of training:
ORM ProcessThe most common idea of what ORM is revolves around a simple five-step process that is most frequently used in planning, or at the Deliberate Level. These five steps are:
Four Principles of ORM
The Three Levels of ORMIn-DepthThe in-depth level refers to situations when time is not a limiting factor and the right answer is required for a successful mission or task. Thorough research and analysis of available data, use of diagrams and analysis tools, formal testing or long term tracking of associated hazards are some of the tools used at this level. Other examples of application of ORM at the in-depth level include, but are not limited to: long term planning of complex or contingency operations; technical standards and system hazard management applied in engineering design during acquisition and introduction of new equipment and systems; development of tactics and training curricula; and major system overhaul or repair. DeliberateThe deliberate level refers to situations when there is ample time to apply the RM process to the detailed planning of a mission or task. At this level, the planning primarily uses experienced personnel and brainstorming and is most effective when done in a group. The Navy planning process is a good example of ORM application integrated at the deliberate level. Other examples include: planning of unit missions, tasks or events; review of standard operating, maintenance or training procedures; recreational activities; and the development of damage control and emergency response plans. Time Critical Risk Management (TCRM)This is the level at which personnel operate on a daily basis both on- and off-duty. The time critical level is best described as being at the point of commencing or during execution of a mission or task. At this level there is little or no time to make a plan. An on-the-run mental or verbal assessment of the new or changed/changing situation is the best one can do. Time is limited in this situation, so the application of the 5-step process has proven impractical and ineffective. The Navy has adopted the ABCD Model. RISK ASSESMENT CODES: Combine the severity with the probability to determine the risk assessment code (RAC) or level of risk for each hazard, expressed as a single Arabic number. Although not required, the use of a matrix (such as the one below) is helpful in identifying the RAC. In some cases, the worst credible consequence of a hazard may not correspond to the highest RAC for that hazard. For example, one hazard may have two potential consequences. The severity of the worst consequence (I) may be unlikely (D), resulting in a RAC of 3. The severity of the lesser consequence (II) may be probable (B), resulting in a RAC of 2. Therefore, it is important to consider less severe consequences of a hazard if they are more likely than the worst credible consequence, since this combination may actually present a greater overall risk. Mishap Severity Categories
Mishap Probability or Occurrence Levels
What is the 3rd step of the ORM process?Step 3. Make risk decisions - A key element of the risk decision is determining if the risk is acceptable. This decision must be made at the right level by the individual who can balance the risk against the mission or task potential benefit and value.
What are the 3 levels of ORM?Levels of ORM. The ORM process is applied on three levels: in-depth, deliberate, and time critical.
What are the steps of the ORM process?How Many Steps Are in the ORM Process?. Step 1: Risk Identification. Risks must be identified so these can be controlled. ... . Step 2: Risk Assessment. Risk assessment is a systematic process for rating risks on likelihood and impact. ... . Step 3: Risk Mitigation. ... . Step 4: Control Implementation. ... . Step 5: Monitoring.. What is the third step of the ORM process PMK?Identify the third step in ORM: Step 3: Make Risk Decisions. First, develop risk control options. Start with the most serious risk first and select control that will reduce the risk to a minimum consistent with mission accomplishment.
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