If the information derived from more than one page in the work, format page numbers just as you do in an MLA Works Cited. Show
There are 12 basic formats: 1. Author named within the signal phrase If you list the name of the author, the parenthetical citation need only contain the page number.
2. Author NOT named within the paper If the author is not named, include his/her last name in the parenthetical citation.
3. No author listed or unknown author If the article has no author listed, refer to the first portion of the title as in this example for an article called "A Critique of 'Lexus and Olive' View of Globalization.” What’s not there cannot be created.
4. Work has two authors If a work has two authors, link their names with the word and (written out, do not use an ampersand) or use the names in a signal phrase.
5. Work has more than two authors Use only the first author and “et al.” (an abbreviation for et alii, which in Latin means “and others”). This will match the citation in the Works Cited.
6. Author has more than one work in Works Cited If more than one work by the same author is listed in the paper's bibliography, include a reference to the specific work either within the paper or in the parenthetical citation. If the title is not included in the paper, use a brief reference (shortened title) in the parenthetical citation.
7. Works Cited has more than one author with the same last name If your bibliography includes two authors with the same last name, Milton Friedman and Thomas Friedman, for example, include the author's first initial in the parenthetical citation or the author's full name in the signal phrase.
8. Work has no page numbers (web site, etc.) Do not use the page numbers of a print out of a web page or an article from a database. If there are no page numbers, you cannot invent any. What’s not there cannot be created. Sometimes you are able to determine the pages in an article from a database from the citation or a PDF. Some articles or web sites may be unpaginated. In those cases, list the author's last name (or if not given, use a brief reference to the title). Remember when paraphrasing unpaginated material that if you include the author’s name in the signal phrase there will be no ending citation which can be confusing for your reader. Be sure to clarify where the material ends. In this case, "Brand" is the author of the web site.
9. Information is in two or more works List both works in the parenthetical citation exactly as they would be listed individually, but separate them with a semicolon. List the sources in the same order they will appear in the Works Cited list (alphabetical by first entry).
10. Indirect source (a source quoted in another source) If you use an indirect quotation (information found in a source that was quoting another source, also known as a secondary source) use the following method of in-text citation. This statement, from Glenn Prickett, is quoted on page 30 of Friedman’s book, The Lexus and the Olive Tree. "Qtd. in" stands for “quoted in.” Only Friedman is listed in the Works Cited, not Prickett.
11. Encyclopedia or dictionary If the encyclopedia entry has an author, use it. If it doesn’t, use the title of the entry. In either case, do not use the page number since these sources are arranged alphabetically.
12. Organizational author If the author of the work is an organization, government agency, or corporation, list the name of the author in either the signal tag or the parenthetical ciation. Since the name of the author cannot be shortened like a title can be, if the name is lengthy (United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, for example), place the name in the signal phrase instead of the parenthetical citation.
What is a parenthetical citation in writing?Definition of parenthetical citations
Parenthetical citations are citations to original sources that appear in the text of your paper. This allows the reader to see immediately where your information comes from, and it saves you the trouble of having to make footnotes or endnotes.
How do you parenthetically cite a quote?MLA style parenthetical citations require you to include the author's last name and the page number within parentheses. If there is no author, use the first few words of the title or website. Do not use p. or pp. or commas.
What should the inUsing In-text Citation
MLA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the page number from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken, for example: (Smith 163). If the source does not use page numbers, do not include a number in the parenthetical citation: (Smith).
What does parenthetical look like?Parenthetical citations
Both the author and the date, separated by a comma, appear in parentheses for a parenthetical citation. A parenthetical citation can appear within or at the end of a sentence.
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