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Chapter 3, Section 2
Terms in this set (20)
What is the major agent of erosion that has shaped Earth's land surface?
Water running downhill.
List the five factors that determine the amount of runoff in an area.
1. The amount of rain an area receives.
2. Vegetaion.
3. The type of soil.
4. Shape of the land.
5. How people use the land.
Name type of erosion.
Sheet Erosion
rills
Tiny grooves in the soil formed by sheet erosion.
A large groove, or channel, in the soil that carries runoff after a rain storm.
gully
tributary
A smaller river or stream that flows into a larger river.
river
A large stream that flows from the mountains to the sea.
Through erosion rivers form what types of features.
A river creates valleys, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, and oxbow lakes.
Flood Plain
The flat, wide area of land along a river.
Meander
A loop like bend in the course of a river.
Oxbow Lake
A meander that has been cut off from the river.
Know figure 8, page 98. Know the steps of how meanders and oxbow lakes are formed.
1. A small obstacle creates a slight bend in the river.
2. As water erodes the outer edge of a meander, the bend becomes bigger. Deposition occurs along the inner edge.
3. Gradually, the meander becomes more curved. The river breaks through and takes a new course.
4. An oxbow
lake remains.
What types of landforms does deposition create?
Alluvial fans, deltas, and it can also add soil to a river's flood plain.
How can a flood be beneficial?
The sediment that is deposited by a flood becomes fertile soil.
stream
A channel where water is continually flowing down a slope.
runoff
Water that moves over Earth's surface when it rains.
Delta
Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake builds up a landform called a delta.
Alluvial Fan
A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range. The deposit is shaped like a fan.
What three factors affect how fast a river flows and how much sediment it can erode?
A river's slope, volume of flow, and the shape of its streambed.
Streambed Shape
A river erodes sediment from its banks on the outside curve and deposits sediment on the inside curve.
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