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Terms in this set (16)
What factor causes changes between;The solid and liquid state?
The factor that causes changes between the molecules in the solid state and the liquid states are the strength of the intermolecular forces. Molecules in the solid state are held by stronger attractive forces (intermolecular forces) than in the liquid phase. So to change from the solid to the liquid phase heat is applied to break this attractive force.
What factor causes changes between; The liquid and gas state?
Same relationship exists between the liquid and the gas phase. The attractive forces holding the molecules in the liquid face are stronger that than those holding the molecules in the gas phase. So on application of heat, the attractive forces are broken and the substance will change from the liquid to the gas phase.
What is the difference between the following intermolecular forces?
H-bonding and dispersion force.
The hydrogen bond is a sort of super dipole-dipole force that occur only in molecules that consist of a bond in which hydrogen is bonded directly to F, O, and N. The H atom will have a fairly large partial positive charge (δ+), while the F, O, or N atoms will have a fairly large partial negative charge (δ-) because of their large electro negativity. The result is a strong attraction between the H atom of one molecule and the F, O, or N on its neighbors, called hydrogen bonding. But dispersion force is an intermolecular force that occurs in molecules without a permanent dipole - dipole force of attraction. This force occurs as a result of the development of an instantaneous dipole - dipole force of attraction between neighboring molecules due to the fluctuation of electron on the molecule. This force increases with increase in mass.
What is the difference between the following intermolecular forces? Dipole - dipole force and dispersion force.
The dipole - dipole force of attraction is that force that exists in all polar molecules. The permanent dipole of neighboring molecules interacts. The positive end of one is attracted to the negative end of another. But dispersion force is an intermolecular force that occurs in molecules without a permanent dipole - dipole force of attraction. This force occurs as a result of the development of an instantaneous dipole - dipole force of attraction between neighboring molecules due to the fluctuation of electron on the molecule.
What is ion - dipole force? And why is it important?
Ion - dipole force of attraction is the intermolecular force between a positive ion of an ionic compound and the negative poles of a polar solvent e.g. water and the negative ion of an ionic compound and the positive pole of a polar molecule. It is important because it is the force that is responsible for ionic compounds to form solutions.
What is a phase diagram? Draw a generic phase diagram and label its important features.
A phase diagram is simply a map of the phases of a substance as a function of pressure (on the y-axis) and temperature (on the x-axis).
Simple Cube
...
Body-Centered Cube
...
Face-Centered Cube
...
What kind of molecular force is present in N2?
Dispersion Force
What kind of molecular force is present in NH3?
Hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole force of attraction
What kind of molecular force is present in CO?
Dipole-Dipole force of attraction
What kind of molecular force is present in CCl4?
Dispersion Force
For each pair of compounds pick the one with the highest boiling point. Explain your reasoning. CH3OH or CH3SH?
CH3OH-Why because the CH3OH molecules are held by dispersion, hydrogen bonding and dipole -dipole force of attraction but the molecules of CH3SH are held only by the weaker dispersion and dipole-dipole forces of attraction.
For each pair of compounds pick the one with the highest boiling point. Explain your reasoning. CH3OCH3 or CH3CH2OH?
Why because the CH3CH2OH molecules are held by dispersion, hydrogen bonding and dipole -dipole force of attraction but the molecules of CH3OCH3 are held only by the weaker dispersion and dipole-dipole forces of attraction.
For each pair of compounds pick the one with the highest boiling point. Explain your reasoning. c. CH4 or CH3CH3?
Both molecules are held by weak dispersion force, but dispersion force increases with increase in molar mass, so it is higher in CH3CH3 therefore higher boiling point than in CH4 molecule.
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