RESPOND & MITIGATE
BOMB THREAT STANDOFF DISTANCES
Mandatory Evacuation distance: 70 feet
Preferred Evacuation distance: 1,200+ feet
Severe injury/death
Mandatory Evacuation distance: 110 feet
Preferred Evacuation distance: 1,700 feet
Possibility of building collapse, severe injury/death
Mandatory Evacuation distance: 320 feet
Preferred Evacuation distance: 1,900 feet
Building collapse, severe injury/death
EXPLOSIVES DHS/FBI BOMB THREAT STAND-OFF CARD
| 5 LBS | 70 FT | 71-1,119 FT | +1,200 FT |
| 20 LBS | 110 FT | 111-1,699 FT | +1,700 FT |
| 50 LBS | 150 FT | 151-1,849 FT | +1,850 FT |
| 500 LBS | 320 FT | 321-1,899 FT | +1,900 FT |
| 1,000 LBS | 400 FT | 401-2,399 FT | +2,400 FT |
| 4,000 LBS | 640 FT | 641-3,799 FT | +3,800 FT |
| 10,000 LBS | 860 FT | 861-5,099 FT | +5,100 FT |
| 60,000 LBS | 1,570 FT | 1,571-9,299 FT | +9,300 FT |
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS: LPG (BUTANE OR PROPANE)
NATIONAL GROUND INTELLIGENCE CENTER IED SAFE STANDOFF DISTANCE CHEAT SHEET
| 20 LBS/5 GAL 9 KG/19 L | 40 FT/12 M | 160 FT/48 M |
| 100 LBS/25 GAL 45 KG/95 L | 69 FT/21 M | 276 FT/84 M |
| 2,000 LBS/500 GAL 907 KG/1,893 L | 184 FT/56 M | 736 FT/224 M |
| 8,000 LBS/2,000 GAL 3,630 KG/7,570 L | 292 FT/89 M | 1,168 FT/356 M |
| 40,000 LBS/10,000 GAL 18,144 KG/37,850 L | 499 FT/152 M | 1,996 FT/608 M |
1
BASED ON THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF MATERIAL THAT COULD REASONABLY FIT INTO A CONTAINER OR VEHICLE. VARIATIONS ARE POSSIBLE.
2
ASSUMING EFFICIENT MIXING OF THE FLAMMABLE GAS WITH AMBIENT AIR.
3
DETERMINED BY US FIREFIGHTING PRACTICES WHEREIN SAFE DISTANCES ARE APPROXIMATELY FOUR TIMES THE FLAME HEIGHT. NOTE THAT AN LPG TANK FILLED WITH HIGH EXPLOSIVES WOULD REQUIRE A SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER STANDOFF DISTANCE THAN IF IT WERE FILLED WITH LPG.
MAXIMUM RADIATION DOSE LIMITS
The above chart summarizes the US Department of Health & Human Services /National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) recommended maximum dose limits.
| ALL ACTIVITIES |
| PROTECTING MAJOR PROPERTY |
| LIFESAVING OR PROTECTION OF LARGE POPULATIONS |
| LIFESAVING OR PROTECTION OF LARGE POPULATIONS, ONLY BY VOLUNTEERS WHO UNDERSTAND THE RISKS. |
AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE (ALARA) PRINCIPLES SHOULD ALWAYS BE FOLLOWED:
A
Maximize Distance
B
Minimize Exposure Time
C
Maximize Shielding
1
REM (ROENTGEN EQUIVALENT MAN) 1/1,000 REM = 1 MILLIREM (MREM)
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE THREAT GUIDE: OXIDIZERS
WHEN COMBINED, FUELS AND OXIDIZERS CREATE EXPLOSIVES
Oxidizers serve as a source of oxygen to support a combustion-like reaction in improvised explosives.
| POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE = KCIO4 | |
| SODIUM CHLORATE = NaClO3 | |
| CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE = Ca(CIO)2 | |
| SODIUM/Na POTASSIUM/K BARIUM/Ba CALCIUM/Ca AMMONIUM/NH4 LITHIUM/Li STRONTIUM/Sr LEAD/Pb SILVER/Ag HYDROGEN/H | AMMONIUM NITRATE = NH4NO3; POTASSIUM NITRATE = KNO3 |
| HYDROGEN PEROXIDE = H2O2; BARIUM PEROXIDE = BaO2 | |
| POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE = KMnO4 | |
| LEAD IODATE=Pb(IO3)2 | |
| LITHIUM CHROMATE DIHYDRATE= Li2CrO4·2H2O | |
| POTASSIUM DICHROMATE = K2Cr2O7 |
1
CHLORATE AND PEROXIDES CAN PRODUCE VERY DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.
| NITROBENZENE (NB) NITROMETHANE (NM) NITROCELLULOSE (NC) | POWDERED METALS ALUMINUM (Al)MAGNESIUM (Mg) MAGNALIUM (Mg/Al-50/50) COPPER (Cu) PHOSPHORUS (P) SULFUR (S) ANTIMONY TRISULFIDE (Sb2S3) |
FLASH POWDER POOR MAN’S
C-4 ARMSTRONG’S MIXTURE LIQUID BLEND AHELLHOFFITE + NITRIC ACID + NITROBENZENE (NB) |
TRIACETONE TRIPEROXIDE (TATP) HEXAMETHYLENE TRIPEROXIDE DIAMINE (HMTD) METHYL ETHYL KETONE PEROXIDE (MEKP) INITIATING EXPLOSIVES MERCURY FULMINATE |