We continuously sense many stimuli from our surroundings through our sense organs. However, we do not become aware of all of them at one particular time. We focus and become aware of only a few stimuli from them. Therefore, attention is considered as the selective process.
The definition of attention is as follows:
According to Guildford, "attention is the process of focusing on one or few objects, persons or situations from among many from the field of awareness".
The division of attention is explained as follows:
We observe people doing two things simultaneously, like reading newspaper while eating, or knitting while watching TV. In a true sense, individual cannot divide attention to two tasks simultaneously. In both these given examples, the individual is performing one task mechanically while paying attention fully to the other task. For example, eating or knitting is done mechanically while the person is paying attention fully to the other task like reading newspaper or watching TV. If a person needs to pay attention to both the tasks simultaneously then it results into increase in mistakes, decrease in efficiency, confusion, etc.
For example, if a person is asked to read a newspaper and thread a needle simultaneously, the person will not be able to do these both tasks simultaneously without any mistake.
Divided attention occurs when mental focus is on multiple tasks or ideas at once. Also known as multitasking, individuals do this all the time. Examples are singing along to a song while driving, having a conversation while walking, or listening to music while grocery shopping. Divided attention does decrease the amount of attention being placed on any one task or idea if there are multiple focuses going on at once. For example, if you answer a friend's question while you are reading a book your concentration on the book wanes as you focus on responding to your friend.
Divided attention could be defined as our brain's ability to attend to two different stimuli at the same time, and respond to the multiple demands of your surroundings. Divided attention is a type of simultaneous attention that allows us to process different information sources and successfully carry out multiple tasks at a time. This cognitive skills is very important, as it allows us to be more efficient in our day-to-day lives.
Our ability to attend to multiple stimuli and do various tasks at a time does have its limits. When you divide your attention, the efficiency with which you do these actions is decreased, and you will almost certainly perform poorly. Interference is the term used to describe when a person has a hard time attending to two stimuli at a time. We see interference when the brain is only able to process a certain amount of information. However, cognitive training can help improve divided attention, and as a consequence, the ability to do more than one activity at a time.
- Divided attention is an important factor in the academic setting. Being able to understand what the teacher is saying while reading the board and taking notes are tasks that are essential to successful learning. This may be one of the reasons why people with attention disorders (like ADHD) perform poorly in school.
- A truck driver is driving on the highway and starts passing someone. As they are passing, they see a sign for their exit. If the driver isn't able to safely pass the other car and pay attention to traffic signs, they may lose important information, or even cause danger to themselves and others. Divided attention is very important to driving safely and successfully.
- A waiter must use their divided attention when attending to a table. They have to remember what the man at table 4 wanted, write down table 3's order, and be careful to balance the plates of food that they're holding.
- If a customer asks about the sales when paying at the cashier, the cashier has to scan and bag the items while thinking about the answer to the question.
- When you're eating and talking at the same time, or even when you're watching TV and talking on the phone, you are using divided attention.
Divided attention may be altered in a number of different disorders, whether it be due to problems with divided attention itself, or problems with other attentional sub-processes. For someone with poor divided attention, any interference may alter the task that they are doing simultaneously. If your divided attention is altered, you'll have a harder time pulling into an intersection and talking at the same time, and thus have a higher risk of having an accident. If Arousal is altered (the level of activation or general alertness), and you are in a comatose state, you will also be unable to talk and drive at the same time.
While divided attention may be affected by psychiatric conditions, like schizophrenia or various disorders like Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), it most affects general attention. It is also quite common to have attentional problems after suffering from a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), or stroke. In these cases, the attentional alteration and its sub-components may vary, depending on the affected brain areas.
Divided attention will likely be affected in any disorder that alters attention processes. If a patient suffers from a contralateral heminegligence (inability to attend to the visual field opposite the injury), hypoprosexia (distractability), hyperprosexia (intense concentration on a single stimuli), or aprosexia (inability to concentrate), it will be difficult, or nearly impossible, for the patient to do tasks that require divided attention.
Divided attention is a cognitive ability that is very important in our daily lives because it makes it possible to carry out tasks quickly and efficiently. Correctly carrying out tasks implies more than one perceptive, motor, or cognitive activity at the same time depends directly on our divided attention. Assessing divided attention may be helpful in professional areas, where divided attention is key (drivers, athletes, etc.). It can also help in academic fields (if a student needs extra time taking notes or completing certain tasks), or clinical areas (maybe a patient needs more time to collect the proper information). In all of these areas, a cognitive assessment, may directly help the user understand their day-to-day lives in a more in-depth context.
CogniFit has based its divided attention tasks on the classic Stroop Test. The Simultaneity Test doesn't only evaluate divided attention, but also helps assess cognitive flexibility and hand-eye coordination.
- Simultaneity Test DIAT-SHIF: The user has to follow a ball with your pointer, and be aware of the words that appear in the middle of the screen. When the word in the middle of the screen corresponds with the color in which it's written, the user must give the appropriate response (while attending to both stimuli at the same time). In this activity, the user must change strategies, create new responses, and manage the ability to motor and visual skills at the same time.
Divided attention, as with other cognitive skills, can be learned, trained, and improved. CogniFit's training programs may help improve how quickly the user can change their attention between tasks, how much of their brain resources they use when attending to multiple stimuli at a time, and improve the ability to process complex information.
The divided attention rehabilitation program is based on the science of neuroplasticity. CogniFit has an entire battery of exercises designed to help in the rehabilitation of divided attention and other cognitive skills, which is made possible by brain plasticity. The brain and its neural connections can be strengthened and improved through practice. By training divided attention, the frequent actions will become automated, which allows the user to be more efficient.
CogniFit's science team of professionals in synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis have created s personalized cognitive stimulation program to help each user improve their weakest cognitive skills. The program starts by assessing divided attention and number of other fundamental cognitive skills. The cognitive stimulation program then automatically creates a personalized brain training program based off of the results of the initial assessment. Using the results from the initial assessment ensures that the brain training program is as accurate as possible and will train the user's weakest skills.
Consistent training is essential for improving divided attention. CogniFit has evaluation tools and rehabilitation tools to help optimize this and other cognitive functions. This skill should be practiced for about 15 minutes a day, 2 to 3 times a week.
You can get access to CogniFit's cognitive stimulation program online There are a number brain games and activities that can be played online or on a phone or tablet. After each session, the user will see a detailed graphic with their cognitive progress