Term | Definition The unique and relatively stable ways in which people think,feel, and behave. this is not the same as character and temperament | |
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Term | Definition value judgements of a person's moral and ethical behavior | |
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Term | Definition the enduring characteristics which each person is born. | |
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Term Who is known for Psychoanalytic perspective? | | Definition |
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Term | Definition -from Victorian Austria- believed women, especially those of the upper classes, were not supposed to have sexual urges. - men were understood not to control sexual urges -men would have a wife and be a good victorian husband and would father several children, then turn to mistress for sexual comfort leaving his wife untouched.
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Term Who is known for the Humanistic perspective? | | Definition |
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Term | Definition level of the mind in which information is available but not currently conscious | |
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Term | Definition level of the mind that is aware of immediate surrounding and perceptions | |
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Term | Definition level of the mind in which thoughts,feelings,memories, and other information that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness are kept. -can be revealed in dreams and Freudian slips of the tongue | |
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Term | Definition part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious | |
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Term | Definition instinctual energy that may come into conflict with the demands of a society's standards for behavior. | |
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Term | Definition principle by which the ID functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences | |
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Term | Definition part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality; mostly conscious,rational, and logical | |
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Term | Definition Principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the ID only when negative consequences will not result. | |
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Term | Definition part of personality that acts as a moral center. | |
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Term | Definition part of the superego that contains the standards for moral behavior | |
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Term | Definition part of the superego that produces pride or guilt, depending on how well behavior matches or does not match the ego ideal. | |
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Term Psychological Defense Mechanisms | | Definition unconscious distortions of a person's perception of reality that reduces stress and anxiety. ex. denial, repression,rationalization,projection | |
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Term | Definition Psychological defense mechanism in which that person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation | |
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Term | Definition Psychological Defense Mechanism in which the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind | |
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Term | Definition Psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior | |
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Term | Definition Psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feelings | |
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Term | Definition Psychological defense mechanism in which a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels in order to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others | |
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Term | Definition redirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one | |
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Term | Definition Psychological defense mechanism in which a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations | |
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Term | Definition Defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety | |
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Term Compensation (Substitution) | | Definition Defense mechanism in which a person makes up for deficiencies in one area by becoming superior in another area | |
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Term | Definition Channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior | |
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Term | Definition Disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage | |
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Term | Definition 5 stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child | |
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Term 5 Stages of Psychosexual development | | Definition oral-birth to 1 year - oral activities Anal- 1 to 3 years - bladder control and bowel mvmntsphallic- 3 to 6 years - genital focus Latency- 6 years to puberty -Social Skill development Genital- Puberty to death- sexual behavior | |
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Term | Definition -1st stage-occurs in first year of life-mouth is erogenous zone-weaning is a primary conflict -ID dominated | |
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Term | Definition -2nd stage-from about on to three years of age-anus is the erogenous zone-toilet training is a source of conflict -ego develops | |
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Term Anal Expulsive Personality | | Definition A person fixated in the anal stage who is messy, destructive, and hostile | |
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Term Anal Retentive Personality | | Definition A person fixated in the anal stage who is neat, fussy, stingy, and stubborn | |
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Term | Definition -3rd stage -from 3 to 6 years of age-child discovers sexual feelings -superego develops | |
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Term | Definition Situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent | |
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Term | Definition Defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety | |
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Term | Definition -4th stage -occurs during schooling years -sexual feelings are repressed while child develops in other ways, like developing social behaviors | |
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Term | Definition -5th stage -sexual feelings have reawakened with appropriate targets | |
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Term | Definition followers of Sigmund Freud who developed their own competing theories of psychoanalysis | |
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Term | Definition memories shared by all humans ex. universal fears
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Term | Definition Carl Jung's Name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud | |
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Term | Definition Feelings of inferiority as the driving force behind personality and developed birth order theory. | |
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Term | Definition failures/lacking in one area leads to striving for success in other areas | |
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Term Karen Horney (Neo-Freudian) | | Definition Developed a theory based on basic anxiety and rejected the concept of penis envy. | |
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Term | Definition Envy of women’s ability to bear children leads men to strive for success in other areas | |
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Term | Definition Anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults | |
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Term | Definition Maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney’s theory | |
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Term | Definition Developed a theory based on social rather than sexual relationships, covering the entire life span. | |
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Term Recent Advancements in Freudian Research | | Definition support- defense mechanisms and the concept of an unconscious mind that can influence conscious behavior -other freudian concepts cannot be scientifically researched | |
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Term Criticisms of Psychoanalytical Theory | | Definition -No experimental evidence (Used Case Studies)-Impossible to observe the unconscious mind-Open to interpretation-Ambiguous information -Sampling Bias -Wealthy Austrian Women Living During the Victorian Era | |
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Term Behavioral Theory of Personality | | Definition -Behaviorists define personality as a set of learned responses or habits.-include habits- Deemphasize biological or cognitive components - Personality is just behavior and all behavior is learned - Difficult to explain temperament | |
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Term | Definition in behaviorism, sets of well-learned responses that have become automatic | |
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Term | Definition Learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models | |
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Term | Definition Bandura’s explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior | |
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Term | Definition An individual’s perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance (not the same as self-esteem) | |
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Term Bandura's Model of Reciprocal Determinism | | Definition -Triangle Theory - Google an image of it. | |
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Term | Definition The “third force” in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice -developed as a reaction against the negativity of psychoanalysis and the deterministic nature of behaviorism | |
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Term Self-Actualizing Tendency | | Definition The striving to fulfill one’s innate capacities and capabilities | |
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Term | Definition the image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in one’s life -self-archetype that works with the ego to manage other archetypes and balance the personality | |
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Term | Definition one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities | |
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Term | Definition one’s perception of whom one should be or would like to be | |
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Term | Definition warmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one’s life | |
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Term Rogers theory of self concept | | Definition a match between ideal and real self means HARMONY a mismatch between them creates anxiety | |
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Term Unconditional Positive Regard | | Definition positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached | |
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Term Conditional Positive Regard | | Definition positive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish | |
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Term | Definition A person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings | |
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Term Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | | Definition |
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Term | Definition theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior | |
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Term | Definition a list of about 200 traits and believed that these traits were part of the nervous system. | |
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Term | Definition the number of traits to between sixteen and twenty-three with a computer method called factor analysis. | |
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Term | Definition aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person | |
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Term | Definition the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality - example: introversion: dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive stimulation | |
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Term 5 Factor model (BIG FIVE) | | Definition model of personality traits that describe 5 basic trait dimensions openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)
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Term | Definition one of the five factors; willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences | |
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Term | Definition the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others; dependability | |
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Term | Definition dimension of personality referring to one’s need to be with other people | |
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Term | Definition the emotional style of a person that may range from easygoing, friendly, and likeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant | |
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Term | Definition degree of emotional instability or stability | |
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Term Trait-Situation Interaction | | Definition the assumption that the particular circumstances of any given situation will influence the way in which a trait is expressed | |
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Term | Definition a field of study of the relationship between heredity and personality | |
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Term | Definition James Arthur Springer and James Edward Lewis, otherwise known as the “Jim” twins were separated shortly after birth and reunited at age thirty-nine; they exhibited many similarities in personality and personal habits | |
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Term Cultural Personality (4 basic Dimensions) | | Definition individualism/collectivismpower distancemasculinity/femininity uncertainty avoidance | |
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Term | Definition method of personality assessment in which the professional asks questions of the client and allows the client to answer, either in a structured or unstructured fashion | |
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Term | Definition tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client’s behavior and statements | |
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Term | Definition defense mechanism involving placing, or “projecting,” one’s own unacceptable thoughts onto others, as if the thoughts actually belonged to those others and not to oneself | |
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Term | Definition personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client and ask the client to respond with whatever comes to mind | |
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Term | Definition projective test that uses ten inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli | |
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Term Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | | Definition projective test that uses twenty pictures of people in ambiguous situations as the visual stimuli | |
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Term | Definition concepts and impressions that are only valid within a particular person’s perception and may be influenced by biases, prejudice, and personal experiences; this is a problem with projective tests | |
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Term | Definition assessment in which the professional observes the client engaged in ordinary, day-to-day behavior in either a clinical or natural setting | |
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Term | Definition assessment in which a numerical value is assigned to specific behavior that is listed in the scale | |
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Term | Definition assessment in which the frequency of a particular behavior is counted | |
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Term | Definition paper and pencil or computerized test that consists of statements that require a specific, standardized response from the person taking the test | |
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