intervertebral foramina
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:laminavertebral notchvertebral foramen
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:
vertebral foramen
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?242733
54
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?
24
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (FergusonMethod)?25 degrees cephalad30 to 35 degrees cephalad35 to 45 degrees cephalad
40 to 50 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (FergusonMethod)?
30 to 35 degrees cephalad
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:scoliosiskyphosislordosis
scoliokyphosis
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:
scoliosis
Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?joints farthest from the IRjoints closest to the IRboth joints equally demonstrated
the L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR
Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?
joints closest to the IR
Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thelumbar spine?APlateralAP oblique, RPO and LPO position
PA oblique, RAO and LAO position
Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thelumbar spine?
AP oblique, RPO and LPO position
What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?Lumbar zygapophyseal jointsIntervertebral foraminaPars interarticularis
Pedicles
What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?
Intervertebral foramina
Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?1 AP oblique, LPO position2 AP oblique, RPO position3 PA oblique, RAO position1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?
1 and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1 thoracic2 lumbar3 sacrum and coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?
1 and 3
Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1lateral projection?2 inches posterior to the ASIS3 inches posterior to the ASIS2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest
1.5 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches inferior to the iliac crest
Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1lateral projection?
2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest
Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:1 hip2 sacrum3 coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:1 hip2 sacrum3 coccyx
2 and 3
Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? L2L3the ASIS
the iliac crests
Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine?
the iliac crests
Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline ofthe grid for a lateral lumbar spine?horizontal planemidcoronal planemidsagittal plane
coronal plane
Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline ofthe grid for a lateral lumbar spine?
midcoronal plane
Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?spinous processtransverse processsuperior articular process
inferior articular process
Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?
spinous process
Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction(Ferguson Method)?at the pubic symphysis1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
at the level of the ASISs
Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction(Ferguson Method)?
1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint?midcoronal planemidsagittal planelongitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS
longitudinal plane 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS
Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint?
longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1 body2 lamina3 vertebral arch1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1 body2 lamina3 vertebral arch
1 and 3
Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?1 supports the trunk2 protects the spinal cord3 supports the skull superiorly1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?
1, 2, and 3
Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”?1 lateral2 AP oblique3 PA oblique 1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”?1 lateral2 AP oblique3 PA oblique
2 and 3
How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?extendedflexedexternally rotated
internally rotated
How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?
extended
The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad
15 degrees cephalad
The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:
10 degrees caudad
If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—cephalad5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—cephalad
8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—caudad
If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:
5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad
The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:costovertebral jointscostotransverse jointsintervertebral joints
zygapophyseal joints
The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:
zygapophyseal joints
The centralrayangle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad
5 to 10 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:
0 degrees
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?2 inches at the pubic symphysis1 inch inferior to the symphysis1 inch at the pubic symphysis
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?234
5
When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?
4
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?at the pubic symphysis1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:transverse processpars interarticularisaccessory process
mammillary process
The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:
pars interarticularis
Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?L2L3the ASIS
the iliac crests
Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?
the iliac crests
To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:30 degrees45 degrees50 degrees
55 degrees
To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:
45 degrees
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine forthe AP projection?1 flex the hips2 flex the knees3 flex the elbows1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine forthe AP projection?1 flex the hips2 flex the knees3 flex the elbows
1 and 2
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad
15 degrees cephalad
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?
15 degrees caudad
Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.archesbodiespedicles
lamina
Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.
lamina
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:10 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees caudad
15 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:
15 degrees cephalad
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac jointpubic symphysisacetabulum
lumbar5, sacral1 joint
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:
sacroiliac joint
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees5 degrees7 degrees
5 to 7 degrees
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:
0 degrees
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar
1 and 3
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralrayangle for this projection?10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad
15 degrees cephalad
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralrayangle for this projection?
15 degrees caudad
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:laminavertebral notchvertebral foramen
intervertebral foramina
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:
vertebral foramen
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:10 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees caudad
15 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:
15 degrees cephalad
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac jointpubic symphysisacetabulum
lumbar5, sacral1 joint
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:
sacroiliac joint
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees5 degrees7 degrees
5 to 7 degrees
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:
0 degrees
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar
1 and 3
How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?71224
33
How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?
24
Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra
Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
fourth cervical vertebra
Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spinein an AP projection?OttonelloGrandyTwining
Fuchs
Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spinein an AP projection?
Ottonello
The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:1 dens2 facets3 spinal cord1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:1 dens2 facets3 spinal cord
1 and 3
How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?123
4
How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?
3
The Grandy method is a(n):lateral projection of the cervical vertebraelateral projection of the cervicothoracic regionAP/PA thoracolumbar spine
lateral thoracolumbar spine
The Grandy method is a(n):
lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae
Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra
Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?
fourth cervical vertebra
The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:transverse foramenvertebral foramenintervertebral foramina
inferior vertebral notch
The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:
transverse foramen
The first cervical vertebra is called the:axisatlasdens
vertebra prominens
The first cervical vertebra is called the:
atlas
Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?Selectedglabellomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineacanthiomeatal linea line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid
process
Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?
a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process
The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?APlateralAP oblique
PA oblique
The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?
lateral
The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?40 inches48 inches40 to 60 inches
60 to 72 inches
The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?
60 to 72 inches
What is the centralrayangulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?0 degrees5 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad
20 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?
0 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees60 degrees70 degrees
40 to 60 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
45 degrees
How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?30 degrees45 degrees60 degrees
50 to 60 degrees
How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
45 degrees
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those farthest from the IRthose closest to the IRboth sides equally demonstrated
the inferior six closest to the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?
those farthest from the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those closest to the IRthose farthest from the IRboth sides are equally demonstrated
the inferior side farthest from the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?
those closest to the IR
According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervicalspine?affixed to the elbowsaffixed to the wristsheld in the hands
held by the fingers
According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervicalspine?
affixed to the wrists
Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?cervicalthoraciclumbar
sacral
Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?
cervical
According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:laterally45 degrees anteriorly70 degrees anteriorly
45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly
According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:
45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?15 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees caudad
perpendicular
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
15 to 20 degrees cephalad
Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?GrandyFuchsTwining
Pawlow
Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?
Fuchs
Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra
Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?
fourth cervical vertebra
The centralrayangle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:10 degrees cephalad20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees cephalad
variable, depending on the body habitus
The centralrayangle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:
15 to 20 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateralprojection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:0 degrees10 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees caudad
3 to 5 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateralprojection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:
3 to 5 degrees caudad
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine? second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebra
seventh cervical vertebra
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?
fourth cervical vertebra
The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:full expirationfull inspirationsuspended respiration
softly phonate "ah" during the exposure
The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:
full expiration
What is the centralrayangle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees cephalad45 degrees caudad15 to 20 degrees cephalad
15 to 20 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
15 to 20 degrees caudad
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?1 Ottonello method2 swimmer’s technique3 Ferguson method123
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?
2 swimmer’s technique
For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?lateral cervical vertebraeAP "open mouth" atlas and axisAP dens, Fuchs method
AP axial cervical spine
For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?
AP "open mouth" atlas and axis
The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?1 AP axial2 AP axial oblique3 PA axial oblique1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?1 AP axial2 AP axial oblique3 PA axial oblique
2 and 3
The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the:First cervical vertebraSecond cervical vertebraSeventh cervical vertebra
First thoracic vertebra
The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the:
Seventh cervical vertebra
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries andveins. Where is this cervical foramen located?on the transverse processon the spinous processon the lamina
on the pedicle
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries andveins. Where is this cervical foramen located?
on the transverse process
The second cervical vertebra is called the:densatlasaxis
vertebra prominens
The second cervical vertebra is called the:
axis
What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?48 inches60 inches40 to 48 inches
60 to 72 inches
What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?
60 to 72 inches
Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervicalspine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?AP axialPA axial obliqueAP axial oblique
dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral
Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervicalspine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?
dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral
Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?to the "Adam’s apple"first cervical vertebrasecond cervical vertebra
fourth cervical vertebra
Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?
second cervical vertebra
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervicalspine?1 lateral2 lateral in hyperflexion3 lateral in hyperextension1 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervicalspine?1 lateral2 lateral in hyperflexion3 lateral in hyperextension
1, 2, and 3
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:move anteriorlymove posteriorlymove anteriorly 15 degrees
move posteriorly 10 degrees
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:
move posteriorly
What is the centralrayangle for an AP thoracic spine?0 degrees5 degrees caudad7 degrees caudad
5 to 7 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangle for an AP thoracic spine?
0 degrees
Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique)?sixth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebrafirst thoracic vertebraat the C7T1
interspace
Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique)?
at the C7T1 interspace
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1. Body2. Lamina3. Vertebral arch1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1. Body2. Lamina3. Vertebral arch
1 and 3
How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thethoracic region?30 degrees45 degrees20 degrees
70 degrees
How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thethoracic region?
20 degrees
What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?each otherarticular processhead of ribs
lamina
What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?
head of ribs
How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulationwith the tubercle of a rib? 7810
12
How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulationwith the tubercle of a rib?
10
The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of avertebral body are called the:PediclesLaminaeTransverse process
Spinous process
The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of avertebral body are called the:
Transverse process
Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?T1T3T1T9T1T10
T1T12
Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?
T1T10
How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?center the anterior half to the center of the gridcenter the posterior half to the center of the gridcenter the midcoronal plane to the center of the grid
center the midsagittal plane to the center of the grid
How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?
center the posterior half to the center of the grid
What is the centralrayangulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique) when the shoulder can be depressed?0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad
5 to 10 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique) when the shoulder can be depressed?
0 degrees
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateralprojection?1. Ottonello method2. Swimmer’s technique3. Ferguson method123
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateralprojection?1. Ottonello method2. Swimmer’s technique3. Ferguson method
2
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:move anteriorlymove posteriorlymove anteriorly 15 degrees
move posteriorly 15 degrees
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:
move anteriorly
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?45 degrees90 degrees15 to 20 degrees
70 to 75 degrees
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?
90 degrees
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage ofarteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?spinous processtransverse processsuperior articular process
inferior articular process
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage ofarteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?
transverse process
Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xraytube should be positioned in a certain way totake advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an APthoracic spine?toward the headtoward the feethead or foot end
variable, depending on body habitus
Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xraytube should be positioned in a certain way totake advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an APthoracic spine?
toward the feet
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1. Thoracic2. Lumbar3. Sacrum and coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1. Thoracic2. Lumbar3. Sacrum and coccyx
1 and 3
If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray mayhave to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?5 degrees caudad10 to 15 degrees caudad5 degrees cephalad
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray mayhave to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?APLateralPA oblique
AP oblique
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?Lateral
The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?45 degrees90 degrees15 to 20 degrees
70 to 75 degrees
The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?
70 to 75 degrees
The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the:First Cervical VertebraSecond Cervical VertebraSeventh Cervical Vertebra
First Thoracic Vertebra
The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the:
Seventh Cervical Vertebra
According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracicvertebrae have:DemifacetsNo transverse processThe largest spinous process
Bifid tips on the spinous process
According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracicvertebrae have:
Demifacets
Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?over the headat the sidesat right angles to the long axis of the body
variable, depending on body habitus
Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?
at right angles to the long axis of the body
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic regionlateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:0 degrees10 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees caudad
3 to 5 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic regionlateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:
3 to 5 degrees caudad
According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?AP Thoracic SpineLateral Thoracic SpineRPO/LPO Thoracic Spine
Lateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)
According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?
Lateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)
According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing alateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:underexposedoverexposedtoo high in contrast
too low in contrast
According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing alateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:
underexposed
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?level of T5level of T7level of T9
level of T10
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?
level of T7
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracicvertebrae?1. Suspended at end of full inspiration2. Suspended at end of expiration3. Quiet breathing1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracicvertebrae?1. Suspended at end of full inspiration2. Suspended at end of expiration3. Quiet breathing
2 and 3
Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an APthoracic spine?1. Flex the hips2. Flex the knees3. Flex the cervical spine1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an APthoracic spine?1. Flex the hips2. Flex the knees3. Flex the cervical spine
1 and 2
Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?1 inch above the shoulders1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders1 1/2 to 2 inches below the shoulders
at the level of the shoulders
Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?
1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders
What is the centralrayangulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?10 to 20 degrees cephalad30 to 40 degrees cephalad10 to 20 degrees caudad
30 to 40 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?
30 to 40 degrees caudad
Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?1 stomach2 small intestine3 large intestine 1 only2 only3 only
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?1 stomach2 small intestine3 large intestine
2 only
The gallbladder functions to:produce and secrete bilestore and concentrate bileregulate digestion of fatty acids
break down toxins in the blood stream
The gallbladder functions to:
store and concentrate bile
Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of thestomach?1 fewer radiographs are required2 small lesions are not obscured3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of thestomach?1 fewer radiographs are required2 small lesions are not obscured3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized
2 and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?1 PA oblique, LAO2 AP oblique, RPO3 left lateral1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?1 PA oblique, LAO2 AP oblique, RPO3 left lateral
1 and 2
The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:1 no contrast2 single contrast3 double contrast1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:1 no contrast2 single contrast3 double contrast
2 and 3
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of theesophagus?AP, LAOAP, LPOPA, RAO
PA, LAO
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of theesophagus?
PA, RAO
What is the length of the large intestine?3 feet5 feet7 feet
8 feet
What is the length of the large intestine?
5 feet
Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of theesophagus?1 varices are better filled2 easier to swallow barium3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of theesophagus?1 varices are better filled2 easier to swallow barium3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part
1 and 3
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOPA axial
AP axial
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?
PA oblique, RAO
Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?1 AP or PA2 lateral3 PA oblique1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?1 AP or PA2 lateral3 PA oblique
1, 2, and 3
Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?SimsTrendelenburg'slithotomy
right lateral
Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?
Sims
The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.LUQRUQLLQ
RLQ
The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.
LUQ
Functions of the stomach include:1 storage of food2 absorption of food products3 chemical breakdown of food1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Functions of the stomach include:1 storage of food2 absorption of food products3 chemical breakdown of food
1 and 3
The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon isthe:cecumrectumsigmoid colon
vermiform appendix
The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon isthe:
cecum
One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is: elimination of motionspeed of the examinationproduction of a highcontrastimageproduction of a highresolution
image
One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is:
elimination of motion
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?PAlateralAP oblique, LPO
PA oblique, RAO
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?
lateral
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?PAAP oblique, LPOPA oblique, LAO
PA oblique, RAO
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?
AP oblique, LPO
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? AP axiallateralPA oblique, LAO
PA oblique, RAO
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?
PA oblique, LAO
Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?1 anus2 colon3 esophagus1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?1 anus2 colon3 esophagus
1, 2, and 3
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? 20 degrees30 degrees20 to 30 degrees
35 to 40 degrees
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?
35 to 40 degrees
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?sthenicasthenichyposthenic
hypersthenic
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?
asthenic
Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?1 AP2 PA3 lateral1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?1 AP2 PA3 lateral
1 and 2
The main functions of the small bowel are:1 digestion of food2 absorption of food3 storage of food1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
The main functions of the small bowel are:1 digestion of food2 absorption of food3 storage of food
1 and 2
The main functions of the large intestine are:1 digestion of food2 reabsorption of fluids3 elimination of waste products1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
The main functions of the large intestine are:1 digestion of food2 reabsorption of fluids3 elimination of waste products
2 and 3
According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?12 inches18 to 24 inches24 to 36 inches
4 feet
According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?
18 to 24 inches
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:20 degrees30 degrees20 to 30 degrees
35 to 45 degrees
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:
35 to 45 degrees
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?1 air2 barium sulfate3 watersolubleiodinated solution1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?1 air2 barium sulfate3 watersolubleiodinated solution
1, 2, and 3
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:respirationperistalsismastication
deglutition
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:
peristalsis
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?10 feet12 feet20 feet
22 feet
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?
22 feet
Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?1 mouth and pharynx2 stomach and intestine3 liver and pancreas1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?1 mouth and pharynx2 stomach and intestine3 liver and pancreas
1 and 2
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?inspirationexpirationsuspended respiration
slow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?
expiration
During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"radiographs are usually taken of the:1 pancreatic duct2 hepatic ducts3 common bile duct1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"radiographs are usually taken of the:1 pancreatic duct2 hepatic ducts3 common bile duct
1 and 3
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and thelateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?AP oblique, RPOAP oblique, LPOAP, right lateral decubitus
AP, left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and thelateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?
AP, right lateral decubitus
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:cecumileumsigmoid
ascending colon
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:
cecum
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:left colic flexureright colic flexuresigmoid colon
duodenojejunal flexure
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:
right colic flexure
The largest gland in the body is the:liverspleenpancreas
duodenum
The largest gland in the body is the:
liver
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:ileumpylorusjejunum
duodenum
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:
ileum
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?PAPA oblique, RAOAP oblique, LPO
AP oblique, RPO
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?
PA oblique, RAO
The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:pyloric portionduodenojejunal flexureright colic flexure
descending region
The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:
duodenojejunal flexure
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?sthenicasthenichyposthenic
hypersthenic
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?
hypersthenic
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:aircarbon dioxidebarium sulfatewatersoluble
iodine
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:
barium sulfate
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?1 right lateral2 AP oblique, LPO3 PA oblique, RAO1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?1 right lateral2 AP oblique, LPO3 PA oblique, RAO
2 and 3
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?1 produces glucagon2 produces lymphocytes3 stores and removes dead red blood cells1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?1 produces glucagon2 produces lymphocytes3 stores and removes dead red blood cells
2 and 3
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:ileocecal valveampulla of Vaterpyloric valve
greater duodenal papilla
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:
ileocecal valve
Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?1 lateral2 PA axial3 AP axial1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?1 lateral2 PA axial3 AP axial
1, 2, and 3
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:produce and secrete bileproduce and secrete insulinproduce and secrete glucagon
produce and secrete digestive juice
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:
produce and secrete digestive juice
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:cholangiographycholecystographyhepatography
hepatorrhaphy
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:
cholangiography
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?PAAPAP, Trendelenburg's position
AP, R lateral decubitus
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?
AP, Trendelenburg's position
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:ascending colondescending colonR colic flexure
transverse colon
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:
descending colon
Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?epigastrium and left hypochondriumright hypochondrium and epigastriumright lateral and umbilical
umbilical and left lateral
Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?
right hypochondrium and epigastrium
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?345
8
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?
3
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and themedial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air?AP oblique, RPOAP oblique, LPOAP, right lateral decubitus
AP, left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and themedial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air?
AP, left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOPA axial
AP axial
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?
PA oblique, RAO
The space between each of the ribs is called the:costal cartilageintercostal spacescostovertebral joints
costotransverse joints
The space between each of the ribs is called the:
intercostal spaces
Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?1 to 71 to 108 to 12
11 and 12
Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?
11 and 12
How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?5710
12
How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?
7
For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?sthenicasthenichyposthenic
hypersthenic
For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?
hypersthenic
The approximate length of the sternum is:3 inches4 inches5 inches
6 inches
The approximate length of the sternum is:
6 inches
Which part of the sternum is most inferior?ManubriumHeadBody
Xiphoid process
Which part of the sternum is most inferior?
Xiphoid process
Which ribs are called the false ribs?1 to 71 to 108 to 12
11 and 12
Which ribs are called the false ribs?
8 to 12
Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum?fifth thoracic vertebraseventh thoracic vertebramanubrium sterni
jugular notch
Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum?
seventh thoracic vertebra
Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?1) Inspiration2) Expiration3) Slow, shallow breathing1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?1) Inspiration2) Expiration3) Slow, shallow breathing
2 and 3
How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upperborder of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?1 inch1.5 inches2 inches
2.5 inches
How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upperborder of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?
1.5 inches
Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?at the xiphoidat the ASISinches above the crest of the ilium
at the iliac crest
Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?
at the iliac crest
What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?Suspend at expirationSuspend at inspirationSlow, shallow breathing
Suspend respiration
What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?
Suspend at inspiration
How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away fromthe rib cage?palm of the hands against the hipspalm of the hands against the midthighback of the hands against the hips
back of the hands against the midthigh
How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away fromthe rib cage?
palm of the hands against the hips
How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?Top of the IR is at C7T1Top of the IR is at T3Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch
Top of the IR is 2 inches above the jugular notch
How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?
Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch
Which ribs are called the true ribs?1 to 71 to 108 to 12
11 and 12
Which ribs are called the true ribs?
1 to 7
Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examiningthe ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?Suspended at full inspirationSuspended at expirationSuspended respiration
Slow, shallow breathing
Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examiningthe ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?
Suspended at full inspiration
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique)?10 degrees20 degrees10 to 15 degrees
20 to 30 degrees
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique)?
10 to 15 degrees
The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?sthenicasthenichyposthenic
hypersthenic
The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?
hypersthenic
How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?30 degrees45 degrees20 to 30 degrees
35 to 45 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?
45 degrees
Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patientwho must remain relatively supine?AP projectionPA projection, RAOAP projection, LPO
AP projection, RPO
Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patientwho must remain relatively supine?
AP projection, LPO
Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?48 inches60 inches72 inches
120 inches
Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?
72 inches
How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?on the left sideon the right sidewith the forehead and nose on the table
with the midsagittal plane vertical
How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?
with the midsagittal plane vertical
Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?locked behind the backstraight down at the sidelocked above the head
back of the hands against the thighs
Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?
locked behind the back
Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?at the level of T11 inch above the upper border of the shoulder1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder
2 inches above the upper border of the shoulder
Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?
1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder
Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to theposterior ends?1 inch lower1 inch higher3 to 5 inches lower
3 to 5 inches higher
Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to theposterior ends?
3 to 5 inches lower
The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs? 61218
24
The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs?
24
Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?AP, supinePA, pronePA oblique, LAO
PA oblique, RAO
Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?
PA oblique, RAO
The centralrayangle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad
Perpendicular
The centralrayangle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:
Perpendicular
The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:bodyxiphoidsternal angle
jugular notch
The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:
jugular notch
When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclaviculararticulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?both joints are demonstratedthe joint closest to the IRthe joint farthest from the IR
both joints—but varies depending on body habitus
When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclaviculararticulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?
the joint closest to the IR
The centralrayangulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique) is:5 degrees cephalad7 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad
perpendicular
The centralrayangulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique) is:
perpendicular
What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?Suspended respirationSuspend at full inspirationSuspend at full expiration
Slow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?
Suspend at full expiration
What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of thesternum?30 inches40 inches48 inches
72 inches
What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of thesternum?
30 inches
Which joints articulate with a vertebra?1) Costovertebral2) Costotransverse3) Costochondral1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which joints articulate with a vertebra?1) Costovertebral2) Costotransverse3) Costochondral
1 and 2
The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:suspend at expirationSuspend at inspirationSuspended respiration
Slow, shallow breathing
The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:
suspend at expiration
Which of the following form the bony thorax?1) Sternum2) 12 pairs of ribs3) 12 thoracic vertebrae1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following form the bony thorax?1) Sternum2) 12 pairs of ribs3) 12 thoracic vertebrae
1, 2, and 3
To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of thesternoclavicular joints is:Suspended at inspirationSuspended at expirationSuspended respiration
Slow, shallow breathing
To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of thesternoclavicular joints is:
Suspended at expiration
What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?suspend at full expirationsuspend at full inspirationSuspended respiration
Slow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?
suspend at full inspiration
Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?ObliquePAAP
Lateral
Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?
Oblique
Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOAP oblique, RPO
AP oblique, LPO
Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?
PA oblique, RAO
The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad
12 degrees cephalad
The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:
0 degrees
Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?second thoracic vertebrathird thoracic vertebramanubrium sterni
body of the sternum
Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?
third thoracic vertebra
How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?10 degrees20 degrees5 to 10 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?
15 to 20 degrees
Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?hyoidcoronalsagittal
squamosal
Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?
sagittal
Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranialbase?acanthiomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal line
mentomeatal line
Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranialbase?
infraorbitomeatal line
Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?1 forehead2 nose3 chin 1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?1 forehead2 nose3 chin
1 and 2
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axialprojection, Haas Method of the skull?15 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad
25 degrees cephalad
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axialprojection, Haas Method of the skull?
25 degrees cephalad
Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?sagittaltransversemidsagittal
midcoronal
Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?
midsagittal
Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthirdofthe orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?TowneCaldwellSchüller
Waters
Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthirdofthe orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?
Caldwell
All of the following are cranial bones except the:maxillaefrontalsphenoid
occipital
All of the following are cranial bones except the:
maxillae
If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?acanthiomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineglabellomeatal line
mentomeatal line
If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?
infraorbitomeatal line
The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:1 inch below the EAM2 inches below the EAM1 inch above the EAM
2 inches above the EAM
The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:
2 inches above the EAM
Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?1 ethmoid2 sphenoid3 temporal1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?1 ethmoid2 sphenoid3 temporal
1, 2, and 3
For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the: mentomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal line
acanthiomeatal line
For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the:
infraorbitomeatal line
The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the:sulcisuturesdiploë
fontanels
The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the:
fontanels
If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection ofthe skull, how much is the central ray angled?15 degrees caudad30 degrees caudad37 degrees caudad
45 degrees caudad
If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection ofthe skull, how much is the central ray angled?
37 degrees caudad
Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR
1 and 2
The centralrayangle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is: 5 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad12 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad
The centralrayangle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is:
15 degrees caudad
Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?temporaloccipitalparietal
foramen magnum
Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?
occipital
The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called: jointsbursaesutures
cartilage
The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called:
sutures
How many bones make up the cranium?468
10
How many bones make up the cranium?
8
The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?temporalsphenoidoccipital
parietal
The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?
occipital
Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing? temporalsphenoidoccipital
ethmoid
Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing?
temporal
Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection?orbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineglabellomeatal line
acanthiomeatal line
Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection?
orbitomeatal line
Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?HaasRheseTowne
Schüller
Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?
Schüller
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)projection of the skull? 15 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad
15 degrees caudad
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)projection of the skull?
15 degrees caudad
Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwellmethod). What centralrayangle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?10 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad10 to 15 degrees caudad
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwellmethod). What centralrayangle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?
15 degrees cephalad
What is the average centralrayangulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?25 degrees caudad25 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad
30 degrees cephalad
What is the average centralrayangulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?
25 degrees cephalad
Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?sagittalcoronalsquamosal
lambdoidal
Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?
coronal
Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposedon a lateral projection of the skull?1 orbital roofs2 external acoustic meatius3 temporomandibular joints1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposedon a lateral projection of the skull?1 orbital roofs2 external acoustic meatius 3 temporomandibular joints
1, 2, and 3
The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the: lambdoidalsquamosalsagittal
corona
The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the:
lambdoidal
What is the centralrayangulation for the SMV projection?0 degrees5 degrees caudad5 degrees cephalad
5 to 7 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangulation for the SMV projection?
0 degrees
When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassetteIPL perpendicular, MSP perpendicularMSP perpendicular, OML perpendicular
IPL parallel, IOML perpendicular
When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?
IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassette
Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial(Towne) projection of the skull?1 dorsum sellae2 sella turcica3 posterior clinoid processes1 and 21 and 32 and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial(Towne) projection of the skull?1 dorsum sellae2 sella turcica3 posterior clinoid processes
1 and 3
What are the two components of a nephron?Renal corpuscle and renal capsuleRenal tubule and renal corpuscleRenal capsule and glomerulusRenal column and medulla
What are the two components of a nephron?Renal tubule and renal corpuscle
What is the trigone?The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings The area between the calyces of the kidneys and the medullaThe outer covering of the kidneys
The junction of the ureter and the urethra
What is the trigone?
The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings
Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:1. Suprapubic catheter2. Presence of urinary stones3. Hypertension1 and 2 only1 and 3 only2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:1. Suprapubic catheter2. Presence of urinary stones3. Hypertension
1 and 2 only
IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:UrolithiasisTraumaPyelonephritisPost-lithotripsy for kidney function
IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:
Post-lithotripsy for kidney function
What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?10- to 15-degree posterior oblique20- to 25-degree posterior oblique35- to 40-degree posterior oblique
45- to 60-degree posterior oblique
What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?
35- to 40-degree posterior oblique
Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?RightLeftNeither; a 45-degree oblique is required for the AP oblique of the kidneys
Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?
Left
The vaginal end of the uterus is the:FundusCervixIsthmusBody
The vaginal end of the uterus is the:
Cervix
The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:Ejaculatory ductEpididymisProstate ductUrethra
The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:
Ejaculatory duct
Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: Determine size, shape, and position of the uterus and uterine tubesDelineate lesions such as polyps, submucous tumor masses, or fistulous tractsInvestigate patency of the uterine tubes in patients who are unable to conceiveAll of the above
Hysterosalpingography may be performed to:
All of the above