Which of the following statements about DNA is/are correct?
1) DNA is the hereditary material of all living organisms.
2) All segments of DNA code for the synthesis of proteins.
3) Nuclear DNA is double helical with two nucleotide chains that run anti-parallel.
4) DNA is also found in mitochondria.
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NDA (Held On: 17 Apr 2016) General Ability Test Previous Year paper
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- 1, 2 and 3 only
- 3 and 4 only
- 1, 3 and 4 only
- 4 only
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : 3 and 4 only
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Electric charges and coulomb's law (Basic)
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The correct answer is option 2, i.e 3 and 4 only.
The basic of DNA
- Molecular genetics emerged from the realization that DNA and RNA both constitute the genetic material of all living organisms. Hence statement 1 is NOT correct.
- DNA is called the blueprint of life because it contains the genetic code which are instructions needed for an organism to grow, develop, survive and reproduce.
- DNA stores the genetic information of the cell in the sequence of its 4 bases that is adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
- The information in a small segment of DNA i.e.a gene is sent by mRNA to the ribosome to synthesize a protein. Hence statement 2 is NOT correct.
- Deoxyribonucleic acid is made up of a polymer chain comprised of smaller monomers called nucleotides.
- Each nucleotide has three-part i.e. a sugar group, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
- There are four sorts of nitrogen bases i.e. adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
- DNA has a double-helical structure with two nucleotide chains that run anti-parallel, the outer edges are formed by alternating deoxyribose sugar molecules and phosphate groups, which make up the sugar-phosphate backbone. Hence statement 3 is correct.
- Mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA is that the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. Hence statement 4 is correct.
1,2 and 3 only3 and 4 only1,3 and 4 only4 only
Answer : B
Solution : Not all viruses have DNA e.g. HIV virus. It is double helical structure with two nucleotide chain which runs anti-parallel. DNA is also present in mitochondria. Only some segments of DNA code for proteins.
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It has a double helix structure.
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It undergoes replication.
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The two strands in DNA molecule are exactly similar
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It contains the 2-deoxyribose pentose sugar.
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Solution
The correct options are
A
It has a double helix structure.
B
It undergoes replication.
D
It contains the 2-deoxyribose pentose sugar.
The two strands in DNA molecule are complementary to each other.