What type of cramping is normal in early pregnancy

You’ve made it to the halfway mark! At 20 weeks, your belly is now a bump. Your appetite is back in full force. You may have even felt your baby moving.

Here’s what you need to know at this stage:

Have you felt your baby move? One of the changes in your body this week might be those little pokes and jabs you feel when your baby moves around in your uterus. This is called quickening. Women who have already experienced childbirth may have started feeling these sensations a few weeks ago.

Your belly is also getting much more noticeable these days. First-time moms may only have started showing in the last few weeks. And from this point forward, you may gain around a pound per week.

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Your baby is about 10 to 11 inches from the top of the head to the bottom of the feet. Another way to visualize this is that your baby is around the length of a banana.

Hair is already growing on your baby’s head, and a fine, soft hair called lanugo is beginning to cover their body.

If you’ve watched birthing shows or witnessed a birth, you probably saw the thick, whitish substance that covers a baby’s body in the womb. This coating is called vernix caseosa, and it’s starting to form this week. Vernix is like a protective skin cream, and it keeps your baby’s skin from wrinkling or pruning.

This week will typically bring a fun event: seeing your baby on your 18- to 20-week ultrasound screen! Commonly referred to as an anatomy scan, this ultrasound will give you a better idea of how your baby is developing.

In addition to getting information about how your baby is measuring, the sonographer will go through all the baby’s major organs and systems to see if they’re functioning properly.

This exam can give you information about your amniotic fluid levels, the location of your placenta, and even the sex of your baby, if they’re not camera shy. Many women choose to bring their partners or a support person to this appointment if allowed. Check with your doctor or healthcare professional to determine their COVID-19 policies before you arrive.

This is a longer ultrasound, and you should plan for it to last at least 45 minutes. You can expect a sonographer to apply gel to your abdomen and use an ultrasound wand, or transducer, to get an image of your baby. Before you’re done, the sonographer may insert a transvaginal ultrasound wand into your vagina to check your cervix.

If your little one isn’t wanting to make an appearance, you may have to move into some interesting positions to get them to flip around. You may also be asked to drink something or walk around to get your baby to move.

Image quality will vary greatly depending on several factors, such as your weight or scars from pervious surgeries like cesarean deliveries and tummy tucks.

You may want to avoid using lotions on your tummy for a couple of days prior to your ultrasound. Some lotions contain ingredients that can affect the quality of your ultrasound images.

While the actual procedure shouldn’t be painful, it’s long, and holding certain positions may be uncomfortable at times. If you’re uncomfortable, speak up, and the sonographer will work with you to find a better position.

During the scan, you’ll be able to hear your baby’s heartbeat during the ultrasound, and you’ll go home with a few pictures of your baby!

Your babies have typically grown to 6 inches long and about 9 ounces each. They can hear you by now!

Plan for your anatomy scan to take a lot longer than if there was just one baby. That’s because each baby will need to be measured and have their organs checked. Just like pregnancies with one child, this ultrasound will check in on your babies’ health. Typically, you can also learn the sex of your babies if you want.

You’re in the middle of your second trimester. Your appetite is likely back to normal, or it has increased. Nausea and fatigue may have disappeared during your second trimester. You may experience body aches, stretch marks, and changes in your skin.

You may also experience the following symptoms:

Vaginal discharge

At this time, vaginal discharge can increase due to increased blood flow to the area and hormones. Typical vaginal discharge during pregnancy looks milky and has a bit of an odor. You can wear panty liners and change your underwear more frequently if it bothers you.

It’s important to note that some types of vaginal discharge are unusual. Discharge that has a green or yellow color and has a strong odor isn’t typical. If you’re noticing bleeding, signs of a yeast infection, or signs of a sexually transmitted infection, it’s important to discuss it with your doctor or healthcare professional.

Another thing to keep an eye out for is if there is a stream or steady trickle of water. This could be a sign of premature labor or a tear in the amniotic sac. If you notice this, tell your doctor or healthcare professional immediately.

Leg cramps

Leg cramps are common for many women during pregnancy. They’re usually in the calf muscles and often happen suddenly and at night. Doctors aren’t sure what causes leg cramps, but they may be due to inactivity or deficiency in certain nutrients. More research is needed to determine their cause.

You can try some of the following to get relief:

Heartburn or indigestion

At this time, your growing baby is putting additional pressure on your stomach. In addition, pregnancy hormones can cause the valve at the entrance to the stomach to relax, making it easier for stomach acids to travel up the esophagus.

To help relieve this pain, avoid lying down after meals and rest with your head elevated at night. You can also slowly eat smaller meals throughout the day. If you know which foods bring on heartburn or indigestion, it’s best to avoid these. If heartburn and indigestion is a frequent issue, your doctor may be able to prescribe medication to help, too.

Swelling

While pregnant, your body water volume can increase by up to 8 liters, which can mean you begin to swell, especially in the hands, feet, legs, and ankles. Swelling is generally highest at the end of the day, as water has gathered at the lower areas of your body due to gravity.

For typical pregnancy swelling, try the following:

Note that swelling is unusual if it affects only one side or part of the body, such as swelling in only one leg. High levels of swelling accompanied by high blood pressure and protein in the urine are also atypical and may be a sign of preeclampsia. If you’re experiencing unusual swelling, notify your doctor or healthcare professional immediately.

Itchy skin

Stretching skin can be itchy! As your baby bump and breasts continue to grow, it’s not uncommon to feel itchy. To help relieve itchiness, moisturize regularly.

If itching is very intense, you’ll want to speak with your doctor or healthcare professional. They may be able to prescribe medications to help. They’ll also want to rule out a condition called cholestasis, which affects the liver. Cholestasis causes itching of the palms of hands and soles of feet in particular.

Restless sleep

Anxiety and hormones can lead to disrupted sleep. If you previously liked to sleep on your back or stomach, finding a new sleeping position may also be throwing off your sleep. Additionally, you may find that frequent trips to the bathroom have you waking up multiple times in the night.

Getting exercise and using a maternity pillow to cradle your body while you sleep can help. Activities like journaling and talking to friends may help reduce anxiety.

Shortness of breath

Early in your pregnancy, you may experience shortness of breath due to an increase in the hormone progesterone. As pregnancy continues, your baby gets bigger and takes up more space inside you. This means that there’s less space for your lungs to fully expand.

While your baby is still getting plenty of oxygen, shortness of breath can be uncomfortable for you. To help your lungs, you can try to stand up straight with good posture and slow down some of your movements. You can also sleep propped up on pillows and lift your hands over your head to take pressure off your rib cage.

Food cravings

Cravings for certain foods vary from pregnancy to pregnancy. Though you may have heard that pickle or ice cream cravings have something to do with your baby’s nutritional needs, it’s not true.

In a 2014 study, researchers examined several hypotheses for cravings. The nutritional deficit idea doesn’t hold up, as most foods women crave during pregnancy (sweets and high fat foods) aren’t rich in vitamins and minerals. So, keep eating your favorite foods in moderation.

If you’re experiencing unusual cravings, like chewing on ice, laundry starch, or clay, talk with your doctor or healthcare professional immediately. These types of cravings are symptoms of a disorder called pica, which can cause severe nutritional deficits during pregnancy.

Braxton-Hicks contractions

Braxton-Hicks contractions can start this week as your body begins its early preparations for labor. These contractions are usually mild, unpredictable, and nothing to worry about.

You may experience a few contractions from sitting in a weird position, walking around too much, or being dehydrated. Lying down and drinking water should quell stronger ones.

If you notice pain or can time these contractions at regular intervals over the course of several hours, notify your doctor or healthcare professional. It could be a sign of preterm labor, which is a potentially serious complication.

In addition to an anatomy scan, also called the structural ultrasound, you may have a prenatal visit scheduled with your doctor or healthcare professional this week. Like previous visits, you can expect them to:

• record your weight
• check your blood pressure
• ask for a urine sample
• talk about your symptoms with you
• examine your body for swelling
• answer any questions you may have

Your doctor or healthcare professional may also feel the top of your uterus around your belly button and measure your fundal height. This means they will measure the distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus. Fundal height is measured in centimeters and frequently matches the number of weeks pregnant. So at 20 weeks, your fundal height is probably around 20 centimeters.

At this appointment, you’ll likely set a date for blood glucose testing. This is typically done around 24 weeks and helps determine if you have or are at risk of gestational diabetes.

It’s important to continue taking your prenatal vitamins and to attend your anatomy scan and all prenatal visits this week. Maintaining a balanced diet and exercising are also important for helping you feel your best.

Now that you’re halfway through your pregnancy, it’s also time to start thinking about what you’ll need when your baby arrives. Feeling prepared with the items you need and a birth and postpartum plan can help you relax mentally.

This week is a great time to start signing up for childbirth and baby care classes. Your hospital may conduct tours of the labor and delivery floor as well. Ask your doctor or healthcare professional about any offerings in your area.

You can also find private classes by doing a quick internet search. Search topics might include natural childbirth, labor techniques, nursing, baby safety, CPR, big brother or big sister training, and more.

If you experience any of the following symptoms, notify your doctor or healthcare professional immediately:

• unusual swelling, vision problems, and persistent headaches
• heavy bleeding or bleeding with severe cramps in the lower abdominal area
• signs of going into labor like regular contractions, water breaking, etc.

Remember, Braxton-Hicks contractions are common in pregnancy and typically nothing to worry about. Their function is to prepare your uterus for labor. These sensations should be mild and irregular. Any strong, painful, or regular contractions could be symptoms of preterm labor, especially if spotting or bleeding accompanies them.

If you experience anything that warrants an extra visit to your doctor or healthcare professional, they’ll examine you, monitor any contractions, and offer treatments, such as bed rest, for example, if necessary.

Now that you’re halfway through your pregnancy, it might seem like your baby is going to be here tomorrow! To help prepare, it’s a great time to:

• Continue to work on your birth plan and take a childbirth/postpartum/parenting prep course.
• Register for baby shower gifts.
• Schedule your next prenatal visit — generally about 4 weeks from now.
• Make sure you’re getting enough of the right nutrients and stock up on some prenatal vitamins.
• Take a prenatal exercise or yoga class.

You’ll want to avoid:

• spending long periods of time lying on your back
• smoking, alcohol, drugs, and consuming lots of caffeine
• activities that include a high risk of falling or trauma to the abdomen

Congratulations on reaching this major milestone in your pregnancy. Your due date may still seem far away, but you’re making steady progress toward the finish line.

Continue taking care of yourself by eating well, exercising regularly, and sleeping soundly.

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Welcome to week 22! As you’re well into your second trimester, but not quite nearing your third, there’s a high chance that you’re feeling pretty good right now. (But if you’re not — since morning sickness can linger, and pregnancy constipation is a thing — that’s all normal, too.)

Let’s keep the excitement going and learn more about what expect in week 22 of your pregnancy.

Have you felt those first flutters of your baby’s movements yet? If so, that will likely improve your mood even more.

While your pregnancy discomforts may have settled down for now, your uterus continues to grow and stretch to fit your growing baby. It now stretches to about 2 centimeters (3/4 inch) above your belly button.

Friends and family are probably really noticing that baby bump now. You don’t always have to let folks touch your tummy. Feel free to ask them to keep their hands at bay if you want to.

And you may be noticing your feet getting bigger due to relaxin, the hormone that loosens the joints and ligaments in your pelvis to allow baby to make their grand exit. This hormone also relaxes other joints in your body making your foot joints looser (and now wider), too.

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Your baby now weighs almost 1 pound (.45 kilogram) and is close to 7.5 inches in length. This is about the size of a papaya. Not only is your baby getting bigger, but they’ve undergone enough development to now resemble an infant.

Though your baby still has a lot of growing to do and will continue to put on more weight with each passing week, those ultrasound photos should start looking more like what you imagine a baby to look like.

Your baby’s eyes are also continuing to develop this week. The iris doesn’t yet contain any pigment, but all other visual parts are present, including eyelids and tiny eyebrows.

Baby may also be starting to learn to grasp with their hands and start to hear things you say and things your body is doing. They’ll start to know when you’re hungry with those tummy rumbles.

If babies didn’t already start this in week 21, they can now swallow, and they have a fine hair called lanugo covering most of their bodies. Lanugo helps hold the vernix caseosa on your babies’ skin. The vernix caseosa helps to protect your babies’ skin while in the womb.

Symptoms in a twin pregnancy are similar to a singleton in this week. Your babies may be measuring a bit smaller, though.

This week might be a good time to start researching double strollers.

Here’s hoping that this is an easy week for pregnancy symptoms. Many people feel good in the middle of the second trimester, but there are still some bothersome things that can appear.

Symptoms you might experience during week 22 include:

Varicose veins

The increased blood flow during pregnancy can contribute to varicose veins. These typically appear on your legs, but they can also appear on other body parts, such as the arms and torso.

To help combat them, keep your feet up whenever you can. The elevation can help, and so can support stockings or socks.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, painful, swollen veins around your bottom, are another common complaint during pregnancy. Extra pressure on your anus from your growing uterus can contribute to hemorrhoid formation. Pregnancy hormones and straining can also lead to hemorrhoids.

Drinking lots of liquids and eating foods high in fiber can help prevent hemorrhoids. Aim for at least 8 to 10 glasses of water and 20 to 25 grams of dietary fiber a day. Exercise can also help.

Unless your doctor has limited your activities, try to fit in 30 minutes of exercise daily. Not only can exercise help you avoid hemorrhoids, but it can help you maintain a healthy pregnancy.

Avoid constipation. Eat high fiber foods and go when the urge first comes upon you. Delaying defecation can head to harder and more painful hemorrhoids.

If you do develop hemorrhoids, they typically resolve on their own. To help manage the pain associated with hemorrhoids, try soaking in a warm bath several times a day and avoid sitting for long periods of time. You can also speak with your healthcare provider about over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams or medicated wipes.

If you develop hard and swollen external hemorrhoids that continue to bleed, you may have thrombosed hemorrhoids. If that’s the case, see your doctor as you may need to have a minor surgical procedure to get rid of them.

If this is your first pregnancy, a childbirth class could give you some much-needed education (and peace of mind!) about what to expect during your delivery and beyond.

What does labor feel like? How long does it typically last? And will I be able to handle the pain? What do I do with my baby once I bring it home? All of these topics and more will be addressed at a childbirth class.

These classes don’t just benefit moms-to-be, either. If you have a partner, bring them along, and they’ll not only learn the basics of what you’ll be going through, but they may learn some relaxation techniques to help keep you confident and strong during labor and the early days of being a new parent.

Classes can fill up quickly, so you may want to schedule them now. Many hospitals offer generalized childbirth classes as well as more specialized ones, such as those related to infant CPR, breastfeeding basics, or even particular labor philosophies, such as the more natural Bradley method.

Hospitals may also offer a tour of their maternity or baby unit as part of their childbirth classes, which could help you feel more comfortable about your upcoming stay.

If you’re looking for classes outside of your local hospital, Lamaze International or The International Childbirth Education Association may be of some help. No matter where you look, schedule any classes before your 35th week to make sure you allow yourself time for early labor, should it happen.

Research doulas

A doula is professionally trained assist during childbirth and, sometimes, after childbirth. Doulas provide emotional, physical, and informational support to a pregnant and birthing person.

If you decide to work with a doula, they typically won’t begin assisting you until a few months before your baby is due. If you’re interested in a postpartum doula, a doula that offers assistance after the baby has arrived, the doula won’t begin assisting you until after you’ve brought your baby home.

Because doulas offer support, finding one who is the right fit is extremely important. A labor doula will be with you during labor, and a postpartum doula will be with you during a time when you’re sleep deprived and adjusting to a lot of changes.

Not only do you want to have enough time to interview doulas, but you also want to make sure that the doula you want is available when you need them. Making arrangements early can help ensure that you’re able to hire your first choice.

If you’re interested in working with a doula, speak with your healthcare provider. They may be able to provide you with a list of recommended doulas or other resources to help you find one. Referrals from friends are another great way to find a doula.

Plan a babymoon (pre-baby trip) with your partner

You’re probably feeling great and your bump is adorable, but not yet making it difficult to get around. However, your fatigue will likely return in the third trimester, and your bump will soon become big enough that just the thought of getting around may make you feel exhausted.

Before your belly makes it difficult to do everyday tasks (like putting on your socks) and all you want to do is take a nap, you may want to plan a short trip, or babymoon, with your partner.

Relaxing with your partner before your lives change to make room for a new family member can be a great way to reinforce the bond you share.

If this isn’t your first child, consider a family trip to reinforce that a new baby won’t change the relationships that you or your partner have with your other child or children.

If you’ll be flying, commercial air travel is generally considered safe if you have a healthy pregnancy. You should still check with your doctor before getting on a plane. Some airlines also have policies around air travel while pregnant. Check with the airline as well.

While aboard a plane, stay hydrated and move around to promote circulation. You may want to consider an aisle seat to make it easier to get up as needed.

Call your doctor if you experience vaginal bleeding or fluid leakage, fever, severe abdominal or headache pain, or blurred vision.

If you’re starting to feel what could be labor pains and you’re unsure whether they could be Braxton-Hicks contractions or the real thing, call your doctor for an expert opinion.

It’s week 23, just a little past the halfway point of your pregnancy. You’re probably “looking pregnant,” so be prepared for comments — hopefully, they’ll focus on how great and glowing you look.

If you have any concerns about where you are on the healthy weight gain spectrum, speak with your doctor or midwife. Everyone has an opinion, but the word of a trusted pro should be the one you listen to most.

Along with that growing bump in your belly, you may notice a little swelling in your feet and ankles.

You may have to set aside some of your favorite pre-pregnancy shoes for a while. And don’t be surprised if, even after you give birth, your feet have flattened and lengthened just enough to require new shoes.

Average weight gain at 23 weeks is 12 to 15 pounds, though this is variable based on your own body. This weight gain may lead to stretch marks on your belly, thighs, and breasts.

Or they may not show up for several weeks, if at all. If some stretch marks appear, they’re likely to become less noticeable over time following delivery.

Your breasts may start producing colostrum this week. Colostrum is an early form of breast milk that will be perfect for what your baby needs in the first few days of life. It’s a little thicker than the milk that will come in around 3–5 days after birth.

This is what usually happens, though don’t be concerned if no colostrum is present. It doesn’t at all mean you’ll have difficulty nursing. Colostrum may not appear until much closer to delivery.

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Your baby has probably reached — and maybe slightly exceeded — the 1-pound mark, is nearing 1 foot in length, and is about the size of a large mango or a grapefruit.

Weight gain has been fairly slow and steady up to this point, but from now on, your baby will really start to put on weight.

Lanugo, the soft fine hair that eventually covers most of the baby’s body, may become darker. You may be able to notice it the next time you have an ultrasound.

The lungs are also developing. They’re not ready to work on their own, but your baby is practicing breathing motions.

By 23 weeks, your baby is also moving around more. These moves are set to baby’s schedule, not your own. Be prepared for your baby to possibly do some dancing once you lie down to go to sleep.

Remember, though, your baby sleeps a lot on the inside, so the movements shouldn’t keep you up all night.

By 23 weeks pregnant, you may notice the following symptoms:

• slight swelling in your feet and ankles
• colostrum production
• increased appetite
• nasal congestion
• snoring
• frequent urination

For your increased appetite, keep nutrient-dense snack foods around. Easy access to good snacks will make it easier to avoid reaching for anything processed.

Increased nasal congestion is common during pregnancy. This can lead to snoring. If snoring is disrupting your sleep (or your partner’s) try sleeping with a humidifier. Nasal strips may also help.

Get into the habit, if you haven’t already, of staying well hydrated. Water is best, but fruit or vegetable juices are fine, as well as milk. Drinking dairy or soy milk will also help you meet your daily calcium intake requirement.

Many herbal teas are safe during pregnancy, though you’ll want to talk with your midwife or doctor about which teas in particular are OK.

You’ll do want to avoid red raspberry leaf herbal tea or supplements, which has limited scientific evidence to show that it’s effective. Some research also suggests it may have adverse effects.

Staying hydrated will help you avoid headaches, uterine cramping, and urinary tract infections. Urine that’s pale yellow or almost clear is a sign of adequate hydration, while bright yellow or orange-brown urine is a sign that you’re likely dehydrated.

Because your uterus is sitting right on your bladder, you’re starting to make more frequent trips to the bathroom. You may find you’re starting to leak a little, either when you laugh or cough, or just because you don’t quite make it to the bathroom in time.

Though very uncommon at this stage, it’s possible that some of that leakage may be amniotic fluid and not urine. This can occur when the membrane of the amniotic sac surrounding the baby ruptures.

You’ve probably heard people refer to the time that their water broke. In labor, you want that amniotic sac to rupture to help move the birth along. This early in pregnancy, though, is much too early.

At this point in pregnancy, if you ever feel a gush of fluid, call your doctor, midwife, or 911 immediately. Amniotic fluid is usually odorless, so if you notice even a small amount of leakage that doesn’t smell or look like urine, tell your healthcare professional immediately.

It’s also important to keep up with regular prenatal visits. Among other things, your doctor will check your blood pressure at every visit. A sharp jump in blood pressure could be a sign of preeclampsia, a very serious pregnancy complication.

Talk with your doctor or midwife about preeclampsia and what symptoms should prompt a call to 911. If you have a higher risk of preeclampsia, your doc may recommend getting a home blood pressure monitor and learning how to use it.

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You’re at 28 weeks and counting! You’re now officially in your third trimester of pregnancy and are probably feeling baby’s movement and maybe some aches, too.

Week 28 can be a time of less sleep than usual since you’re working so hard to grow and carry baby around. Make sure to get as much rest as you can and stay safely active to keep your energy levels up.

By now, your baby has likely shifted into place for delivery, with their head near the cervix. Note that some babies will not shift until after week 30, and some may never move into position, like babies in the breech position.

This may make you feel additional pressure in the lower half of your body, particularly on your bladder. You probably already know how this will affect how often you have to pee.

If you have a doctor’s appointment this week, you can expect your healthcare provider to check your weight and blood pressure. They’ll be looking for symptoms of gestational diabetes and anemia. These conditions, while not rare, should be treated immediately to keep your pregnancy safe and your baby healthy.

The closer you get to your delivery date, the more frequently you’ll be seeing your doctor or midwife. Beginning this week, your healthcare provider might ask you to come in for checkups every other week. Keep noting those questions you have so you can ask them at your next appointment with the doc.

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This week, your baby’s eyelids are partially open. Those same tiny eyelids now have eyelashes, too.

It’s time for the baby to start really gaining some pounds for life outside the womb. Your baby is now about 14 1/2 inches (37 centimeters) long, and most babies this size are about 2 to 2 1/2 pounds (.9 to 1.1 kilograms) in weight.

Your baby’s brain is in major production phase this week, too. The brain is beginning to develop deep ridges and indentations, and the amount of tissue is increasing.

Baby may start dreaming, blinking, and making faces, too. It’s an exciting time in there!

Many of the symptoms you’re likely to experience during week 28 have probably been bothering you for a few weeks already, including:

Braxton-Hicks contractions, also called “practice contractions,” may begin in your third trimester and will intensify closer to delivery. During these contractions, the muscles of your uterus will tighten for about 30 to 60 seconds, and sometimes for up to 2 minutes.

While they can be uncomfortable, they don’t cause intense pain. They aren’t regular. Real labor involves pains with contractions that are getting longer, stronger, and closer together. Seek immediate medical care if contractions increase in duration and strength, or come more frequently.

Constipation and gas

If you are experiencing constipation and gas, try eating six small meals instead of three large ones.

These smaller meals are less work for your digestive system, so it’s less likely to get backed up or create extra gas. Less tax on the digestive system will also help halt the development of hemorrhoids.

Backaches and leg cramps

If you can rope your partner or close pal into giving you a massage, do so. Otherwise, consider booking a prenatal massage. You can also speak with your doctor about some gentle stretches that can help relax the muscles that have a bigger burden during this final trimester of pregnancy.

Insomnia

Talk with your doctor or a sleep therapist about relaxation techniques that may help you get to sleep faster. Listening to soft music or ocean wave sounds might be the answer. If you’re not comfortable in bed, find a place that is comfortable, even if that means sleeping on the couch.

Don’t be afraid to nap, too. When you’re tired, you should sleep. Listen to your body’s cues and take a break when you must.

You’re growing closer to your delivery date, and your anticipation is likely getting the best of you some days. Try not to stress too much. You’ve got this.

But before it’s time for the delivery, you still need to handle a few tasks.

Talk with your doctor about your delivery

If you haven’t already, express your wishes and desires for your delivery to your doctor; in fact, you may want to write it all down in a birth plan. Include discussions of any pain medications you would like before the delivery.

If you’re planning to deliver without drugs, discuss other pain management techniques. Decide how you and your doctor will handle decisions in an emergency situation.

If you’re delivering with a midwife, agree on parameters by which they’ll consult an OB-GYN should there be a complication. If you’re having any procedures, such as a tubal ligation, performed after the delivery, make final plans for that this week.

Get a Tdap vaccine

You’ll be advised to get another Tdap vaccine during your third trimester, even if you had one before your pregnancy. This tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis booster vaccine will help protect the baby from these diseases until they can be vaccinated later in life.

Sign up for classes

It’s time to sign up for instruction classes if you haven’t already. Check with your delivery hospital or your doctor’s office for information on breastfeeding seminars, delivery classes, and other meetings that might interest you and your partner.

Narrow your pediatrician choices

If you haven’t done so already, it’s time to find your baby’s doctor. Give yourself and the doctor some time to get to know one another by finding one as soon as you can.

Get prepared

Delivery should still be about 3 months away, but there’s no harm in preparing now. Write down your list of contacts. Pack your hospital bag. Research the shortest and fastest route to your hospital.

Enjoy the moment

It’s a beautiful time in your pregnancy, so enjoy it. You may feel emotional relief by seeking out a fellow expectant mother and having regular dinner or walking dates. Journaling or writing your thoughts down may help relieve some anxiety, too.

Prenatal photo shoots have become a popular way to document this special time. You don’t have to hire a professional photographer. Ask a friend or family member to snap a few shots of your pregnant belly. You’ll cherish these photos as you watch your little one grow.

Because you’re seeing your doctor regularly, you two should have a good understanding of how your pregnancy is progressing. However, if something sudden or unexpected happens, reach out to their office.

In most cases, it’s likely whatever you’re experiencing is common and can be easily handled. However, it’s important for your doctor to be aware of what’s happening.

If you begin experiencing severe cramping or pain, or if you begin bleeding or notice leaking of fluid like you may have broken your water, seek emergency medical treatment.

Congratulations, you’ve made it to week 34 of your pregnancy. You may be feeling like you’ve been pregnant for 134 weeks, but keep in mind the big day is fewer than 2 months away.

That said, most babies don’t arrive on their due date or even within a couple of days of that target. Some are ready a couple of weeks before or after that date.

Every pregnancy is different. Just keep going to your prenatal appointments, and your healthcare professional will help ensure everything is on track for a healthy birth.

As your baby continues to grow, you’ll no doubt notice the extra weight around your midsection. Plan to continue to gain up to 1 pound per week unless otherwise advised by your doctor.

You may also feel extra bloated from fluid retention.

Even though it may seem counterintuitive, drinking plenty of liquids can help flush the excess fluids from your system, according to 2021 research. Plus, staying hydrated is important for both you and your baby.

Along with your growing baby, your uterus also contains increasing levels of amniotic fluid. The amount of fluid may be peaking right about now.

Some women see their belly button shift from an innie to an outie by this point. This is expected and nothing to worry about. If you notice that your belly button is especially sensitive, place a bandage over it to avoid irritation.

The most important thing for your baby is that they are growing and developing in a healthy way. This week your baby is about 17 inches long and weighs around 5 pounds, according to experts. That’s a little more than a cantaloupe.

Much of baby’s lanugo, the downy hair that covered most of their body, is disappearing. Some may still be there at birth, but it will probably go away soon afterward.

Your baby’s bones have hardened, except for their skull, and they have grown fingernails. Your baby’s lungs are well-formed, too. And if baby is growing testicles, they’re descending into the scrotum around this time.

Your baby is also putting on weight, as fat is being stored under the skin. Baby fat not only looks cute, but it is critically important in helping your baby regulate their body temperature.

Because your baby is getting so big, their legs are usually bent and held near the trunk, due to a lack of room by this point. That means you may feel less activity but notice more pronounced movements, such as a foot or hand moving along the inside of your belly.

The vernix caseosa that covers your baby’s skin is thickening this week. The vernix caseosa helps your baby regulate their temperature and protects their skin against water loss. It also plays a role in immunity.

Given the weight gain of your baby, it’s no surprise that you’re feeling an additional strain. Like most people at 34 weeks, you might be experiencing symptoms, such as:

Stand by, because those symptoms will likely continue right up until you go into labor. Here are some ways to get relief:

Get your rest

You’re going to need rest to help deal with some of these challenges. Try to nap during the day if you can, but avoid sleeping on your back.

When you get up, do so slowly. Your blood may tend to pool a little in your extremities when sitting or lying down. If you rise too quickly, you may feel lightheaded or you may even faint.

Heartburn relief

Heartburn and indigestion may be more likely, with your expanding uterus squeezing against your stomach and other internal organs. This causes a burning feeling in your chest or throat from stomach acid moving up your esophagus.

As much as you may crave certain foods, be especially aware of foods that trigger heartburn, including:

• spicy foods
• citrus juices and fruits
• fried or greasy food
• caffeine

Consider taking a break from those foods and look forward to eating them again down the road. Eat small bland meals and avoid lying down after eating.

As your due date gets closer, remember to continue taking care of yourself both physically and emotionally. Do your best to:

• Eat a balanced diet. Nutritious foods support your health and the health of your baby while helping you gain the appropriate amount of weight for your pregnancy. Gaining too much weight may increase your risk of high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and an emergency cesarian delivery, also known as a C-section.
• Exercise. Physical activity may help you feel better by reducing back pain and bloating. The National Institutes of Health recommends that you do moderate-intensity aerobic activities, such as walking quickly, for at least 150 minutes per week.
• Consider trying yoga. Prenatal yoga may help improve sleep quality among women in their third trimester of pregnancy, according to a 2021 study.
• Stay hydrated. You need more water when you’re pregnant to keep you and your baby healthy.
• Have sex if you want to. Your sex drive is likely to decrease during your third trimester. If you do feel like having sex, it’s safe to do so in most healthy pregnancies.
• Seek support from friends and family. Research from 2017 suggests that higher levels of social support are linked to decreased depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnant women.

If you’re having trouble managing pregnancy symptoms or experience new symptoms, talk with your doctor.

Between weeks 28 and 36 of your pregnancy, you’ll likely have checkups twice per month. Your doctor may perform several tests to make sure you and your baby are healthy.

Rh type

You’ll usually be tested for Rh factor, a protein on red blood cells, at the beginning of your pregnancy through a blood test. You’re considered Rh-positive if the protein is present, and Rh-negative if it isn’t.

If you are Rh-negative but your baby is Rh-positive, your body may make antibodies to counter your baby’s blood cells. This can put your baby at risk.

Your doctor may give you another blood test called an antibody screen to check for antibodies. You may receive the test during your first trimester and again at 28 weeks, and possibly more frequently.

Your doctor may also give you an injection of Rh immunoglobulin to keep your body from producing antibodies.

Preeclampsia

Blood pressure checks and urine tests at your regular checkups help monitor for preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that can endanger both you and your baby. It affects around 1 in 25 pregnancies in the United States and usually occurs in the third trimester.

Besides developing high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy, symptoms may include:

• persistent headache
• blurry vision
• difficulty breathing
• swelling in your hands or face
• protein in your urine
• nausea
• pain in the upper part of your stomach

If you notice any symptoms, it’s important to call your doctor.

Ultrasound

Ultrasounds use sound waves to produce an image of your baby. In some cases, you may need an ultrasound at 34 weeks to check on your baby’s health or progress. These cases include:

• if you are Rh negative and your body has made antibodies that can cause anemia in your baby
• to check your baby’s position or growth
• if you have abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding
• to evaluate amniotic fluid levels
• to look for anything that may be atypical

Biophysical profile

A biophysical profile may be done at or after 32 weeks to monitor the health of your baby. It may be needed if you have a high risk pregnancy or if your baby is moving around less than expected.

The test combines an ultrasound with heart rate monitoring and takes around 30 minutes. It checks the level of amniotic fluid, as well as your baby’s:

• heart rate
• breathing movements
• body movements
• muscle tone

Each area will be scored as 0 or 2 points, which are added up to create the final score. A score of 8 to 10 is expected. If the score is 6, the test may need to be repeated. With a score of 0 to 4, your baby may need to be delivered early.

This is a good time to learn about the birthing process.

If you can, visit the labor and delivery section of the hospital or center where you’re planning to give birth. Also learn where the entrance to the emergency department is, just in case.

Go ahead and fill out any pre-registration paperwork and talk with your doctor about pain management options for the big day. And if you have any questions about the delivery itself, make a list and go over them with your healthcare professional.

If you have a low risk pregnancy, you may be planning a home birth. Note that the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists does not recommend home births if:

• You’ve had a prior cesarean delivery.
• Your baby is breech or otherwise presenting in an atypical way when you go into contractions.
• You’re carrying multiples.

Speak with your birthing professional (like a midwife) or doctor about anything you may need to have on hand at home. Also, come up with a solid plan in case something happens that requires you to deliver in the hospital instead.

Births are unpredictable. Preparing for every possible situation will help alleviate any extra stress in case something doesn’t go according to plan.

You should also schedule your group B streptococcus (GBS) screening test. GBS is found in about 1 of every 4 adult women. It’s usually found in the vagina or rectum and can be passed along to the baby at birth.

GBS isn’t common among newborns, but you should be tested anyway, usually between weeks 36 and 37. So getting that on the calendar now is a good thing.

If you have the energy, this is a good week to put the finishing touches on the nursery. The closer you get to your due date, the less you’re going to want to shop, hang pictures, or do anything more than necessary to get through the day.

If you haven’t already, set up or finalize your maternity leave at work. Recruit your partner, relatives, and friends to help get your home ready so you can relax as much as possible during the home stretch.

If you begin experiencing contractions, call your doctor. While your baby is considered preterm at this point, some women do go into labor early.

At 34 weeks, your baby has a very good chance for a healthy delivery. If you do begin to experience contractions, keep track of how long each contraction lasts and how close together they are. Your healthcare professional will need this information.

It’s also important to call your doctor if you experience vaginal bleeding or fluid leakage, severe abdominal or pelvic pain, or a severe headache.

After 36 weeks, you’ve officially reached 9 months of pregnancy and are finally in the home stretch.

From growing fingernails to developing strong, healthy bones, your baby is growing rapidly during your last month of pregnancy and starting to get ready for birth.

You can take several steps to ensure you’re fully prepared as well, from packing a birth bag to picking a pediatrician.

In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know once you’ve reached 36 weeks of pregnancy, including how your baby is developing, what symptoms you should expect, and how you can prepare for a safe and healthy delivery.

Changes in your body

Does it feel like there’s no more room at the baby inn? It may feel like that, but your baby will continue to grow until your due date arrives — a date only your baby knows, which might be driving you mad with uncertainty.

Whenever you feel tired from your pregnancy, just remind yourself that your baby will benefit from every last moment it spends in your womb.

As of next week, your baby will be considered early term, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Full term is now considered 40 weeks.

Try to enjoy these last few special weeks of your pregnancy, because your baby will be here before you know it.

That said, you’re no doubt exhausted from carrying around your growing belly, and you might be weary with worry. Even if this isn’t your first pregnancy, every pregnancy and every baby is different, so feeling a little anxious about the unknown is totally expected.

If you find that your anxiety is impacting your daily life or your relationships, you should bring it up with your doctor.

One symptom during week 36 to look out for is contractions. This could mean your baby is coming early or might just be Braxton-Hicks contractions.

Overall, you’ll probably continue experiencing many of the same symptoms you’ve encountered throughout your third trimester, such as:

• fatigue
• frequent urination
• heartburn
• leaky breasts

Leaky breasts

Many pregnant people experience breast leakage in their third trimester.

This thin, yellowish fluid, known as colostrum, will provide your baby with nutrients in the first days of life. Even if you aren’t planning to breastfeed or chestfeed, your body will still produce colostrum.

If you’re finding the leakage uncomfortable, try wearing nursing pads. You could stock up on these anyway, as you’ll likely need them post-delivery (whether or not you breastfeed), and there’s no reason you can’t use them now.

Nursing pads are relatively inexpensive and available at most major retailers that sell baby products. They can also be purchased in bulk and will come in handy after the baby is born and nursing.

Contractions

Sometimes babies decide to come early, so you should be on the lookout for contractions.

These feel like a tightening or cramping in your uterus, similar to menstrual cramps. Some women feel them in their back as well. Your stomach will feel hard to the touch during a contraction.

Each contraction will grow in intensity, peak, and then slowly subside. Think of it as a wave, rolling into the shore, then gently making its way back out to sea. As your contractions become closer together, the peaks will occur sooner and last longer.

Some women confuse contractions with Braxton-Hicks contractions, which are sometimes referred to as “false labor.” Braxton-Hicks contractions are intermittent, don’t have a pattern to them, and don’t grow in intensity.

If you’re experiencing contractions, it’s important to time them. There are many mobile apps available that make it easy to time and record your contractions. Alternatively, you can track them the old-fashioned way, using a watch or timer (or counting the seconds out loud) and a pen and paper.

To track your contractions, record the time they start and when they end. The length of time between when one starts and when the next one starts is referred to as the frequency of contractions. Bring this record with you when you go to the hospital.

If your water breaks, make note of the time and head to the hospital.

If you’re uncertain about what pains should warrant a call to your doctor or a trip to the hospital, ask your doctor now so you’ll be prepared when the time comes.

If you start to experience contractions that last for about 1 minute and come every 5 minutes for at least an hour, you’re likely on your way to your baby’s birth.

Somewhere around 18 inches in length, your baby weighs between 5 and 6 pounds at 36 weeks.

During this time, your baby’s bones will begin to harden as the lungs, reproductive organs, and nervous system continue to develop, according to ACOG.

As more fat begins to build up under the skin, your baby’s limbs may begin to look chubby. Your little one also starts having more hair on their head and grows fingernails that extend to the ends of their fingers.

Around this time, your baby may also turn into a head-down position to prepare for birth. After 37 weeks, about 97% of babies will have fully shifted into this position.

Soon, your doctor will probably check whether your baby is readying for delivery. To check this, your doctor will look to see if your baby’s head is down by your cervix.

Your baby should move into this position by 36 weeks, but don’t fret if they haven’t turned yet. Most babies will turn toward the birth canal in the last weeks of pregnancy, but 3-4% of all term pregnancies will remain breech, or feet first.

Breech presentation is always considered high risk, according to 2016 research. Most such cases result in cesarean delivery.

If your doctor suspects your baby is breech, you’ll likely be sent for an ultrasound to confirm. After that, your doctor may recommend one of several ways to help baby move downward, such as external cephalic version (ECV). ECV is a nonsurgical method sometimes used to try to turn your baby.

If you’re worried about the potentials of a breech delivery, share your concerns with your doctor. Your doctor should be able to ease your concerns with all the resources available for breech pregnancies.

In an ideal world, you’d probably like to already have everything ready for your baby’s arrival. Realistically, though, there may be several things left on your to-do list, and that’s fine. You still have time. Here are some things to focus on this week.

Pick your pediatrician

If you haven’t chosen a pediatrician for your baby yet, you’ll want to pick one soon. While you likely have a few more weeks before your baby arrives, that time isn’t guaranteed.

Ask local friends or family members for referrals, and be sure to call ahead to schedule a tour. It’s not only easier to gauge your comfort with a doctor and the office environment in person, but you’ll likely feel less stress now that you’ve checked one more thing off your to-do list.

Pack a birth bag

Another to-do list item you should probably check off soon is packing your birth bag.

You can find countless recommendations of what to include from people who have gone through this before. To find what’s best for you, ask loved ones for their advice, then stick with what you find most important.

In general, you’ll want to pack items that will make you, your partner, and your baby comfortable. Some things you might want to pack for yourself include:

• insurance information
• a copy of your birth plan
• a toothbrush
• deodorant
• comfortable pajamas and slippers
• things that will help you relax during labor
• a book or magazines

For your baby, a car seat is a must. If you haven’t already, call your local police or fire station to see if they do car seat checks. Installing a car seat can be tricky, and it’s the last thing you’ll want to have to worry about when you’re in labor.

Get a new car seat to be sure it was manufactured with the most current safety guidelines. Car seats are meant to protect the child from one accident and then be discarded. If you buy one at a garage sale, you may not know if it has been in a motor vehicle accident.

Pack an outfit to bring baby home in, but skip the frills and pick something that will be easy to put on and take off in case of a diaper change. You may also want to consider packing a backup outfit, just in case your baby has an accident that makes its way out of the diaper.

Think about your baby’s comfort when picking an outfit as well. If you’re delivering in the winter, pick something that will keep your baby warm. If it will be in the 90s, consider a lightweight outfit. The hospital should provide most other basics for the baby, such as diapers.

And don’t forget your partner! Their comfort will likely be far from your mind when you’re breathing through labor pains, but now is when you can show them that their comfort matters, too.

Consider packing:

• snacks you can share
• a camera
• a charger for your phone and other electronics so your partner can text or email everyone when your baby arrives
• headphones, for what could be a long day or night
• list of contacts so your partner knows who to call or email once your baby arrives
• a jacket or sweater for your partner (hospitals can get cold)

If you’re experiencing contractions or think you may be experiencing them, call your doctor or head to the hospital. You should also call your doctor if you experience vaginal bleeding, fluid leakage, or severe abdominal pain.

As your baby continues to grow, there’s less room for them to move. While baby’s movements have probably slowed down some, you should still feel them.

If you notice a decrease in movement (fewer than 10 movements in an hour) or if you’re concerned about your baby’s movement, contact your doctor.

While a decrease in movement could be nothing, it could also be a sign that your baby is in distress. It’s always better to play it safe and contact your healthcare professional.

Babies are considered late preterm at 36 weeks. While it’s best to wait until at least 39 weeks if possible, some babies are born prematurely and early delivery may even be necessary in some cases.

Although the risk of complications is significantly reduced after 36 weeks, late preterm infants are still at risk for several health concerns, including:

Your doctor can help you determine the risks associated with preterm delivery for your baby and develop a plan to ensure a safe and healthy delivery.

What are the chances of going into labor at 36 weeks?

According to the National Vital Statistics System, approximately 7% of births in the United States occur at 34 to 36 weeks.

People who have had a preterm birth before, those who are pregnant with multiple babies, and those with certain medical conditions may be at a higher risk of early delivery.

What should I avoid at 36 weeks pregnant?

You should avoid alcohol use and smoking during pregnancy to reduce the risk of issues like miscarriage, early delivery, and fetal alcohol syndrome.

You should also steer clear of unpasteurized dairy products and raw or undercooked meat, eggs, poultry, and fish to prevent foodborne illness.

Additionally, be sure to limit caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day and avoid fish high in mercury, such as shark, swordfish, or raw shellfish.

You are almost at the finish line. Remember to enjoy these last couple of weeks. Take naps whenever you can, and continue eating healthy, balanced meals. You’ll be thankful for the extra nutrients and energy once your big day arrives.