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Basics of Nutrition
Terms in this set (33)
Adenosine Triphosphate
(ATP) The substance that provides energy to cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide, a waste product we breathe out.
Amino Acids
Organic acids that form the building blocks of protein
Arteriosclerosis
Clogging and hardening of the arteries
B Vitamins
These water-soluble vitamins interact with other water-soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes by facilitating enzymatic reactions.
Bioflavonoids
Biologically active flavonoids, also called vitamin P
Calories
A measure of heat units; measures food energy for the body
Carbohydrates
Compounds that break down the basic chemical sugars and supply energy for the body.
Cholesterol
A waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones, vitamin D, and bile; also important for protecting nerves and for the structure of cells.
Complementary Foods
Combinations of two incomplete foods; complementary proteins eaten together provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein.
Disaccharides
Sugars made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose.
Enzymes
Catalysts that break down complex food molecules to utilize extracted energy.
Fats
Also known as lipids; macronutrients used to produce energy in the body;
Fortified
A vitamin has been added to a food product
Glycosaminoglycans
A water-binding substance between the fibers of the dermis.
Hypoglycemia
A condition in which blood glucose or blood sugar drops too low.
Linoleic Acid
Omega-6 an essential fatty acid used to make important hormones
Macronutrients
Nutrients that make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in, the three basic food groups.
Micronutrients
Vitamins and substances that have no calories or nutritional value, yet are essential for body functions.
Minerals
Inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body.
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrate made up of one basic sugar unit
Mucopolysaccharides
Carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are also good water-binders
Nonessential amino acids
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be obtained from the diet.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Alpha-linoleic acid; a type of good polyunsaturated fat that may decrease cardiovascular diseases.
Osteoporosis
A thinning of bones, leaving them fragile and prone to fractures; caused by the reabsorption of calcium into the blood.
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules.
Proteins
Chains of amino acid molecules used in all cell functions and body growth.
Retinoic acid
Also known as Retin-A; vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging.
Tretinoin
Transretinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A used for collagen synthesis, hyperpigmentation and acne.
Vitamin A
Also known as Retinol; an antioxidant that aids in the functioning and repair of skin cells
Vitamin C
Also known as ascorbic acid; an antioxidant vitamin needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skins dermal tissue.
Vitamin D
Fat-Soluble vitamin sometimes called the sunshine vitamin because the skin synthesizes vitamin D from cholesterol when exposed to sunlight.
Vitamin E
Also known as tocopherol; primarily an antioxidant; helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's rays.
Vitamin K
Vitamin responsible for the synthesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation.
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