A discriminação é discriminação mesmo quando as

1. É proibida a discriminação em razão, designadamente, do sexo, raça, cor ou origem étnica ou social, características genéticas, língua, religião ou convicções, opiniões políticas ou outras, pertença a uma minoria nacional, riqueza, nascimento, deficiência, idade ou orientação sexual.
2. No âmbito de aplicação dos Tratados e sem prejuízo das suas disposições específicas, é proibida toda a discriminação em razão da nacionalidade.

Anotações

• Text:

  O n.o 1 inspira-se no artigo 13.o do Tratado CE, agora substituído pelo artigo 19.o do Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia, e no artigo 14.o da CEDH, bem como no artigo 11.o da Convenção sobre os Direitos do Homem e a Biomedicina no que respeita ao património genético. Na medida em que coincida com o artigo 14.o da CEDH, é aplicável em conformidade com esse artigo.
  Não há qualquer contradição ou incompatibilidade entre o n.o 1 e o artigo 19.o do Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia, que tem um âmbito de aplicação e um objectivo diferentes: o artigo 19.o confere à União competências para adoptar actos legislativos, incluindo no que se refere à harmonização das disposições legislativas e regulamentares dos Estados-Membros, a fim de combater determinadas formas de discriminação, exaustivamente enumeradas nesse artigo. Essa legislação pode abranger a acção das autoridades dos Estados-Membros (bem como as relações entre particulares) num dado domínio de responsabilidade da União. Pelo contrário, a disposição prevista no n.o 1 do artigo 21.o não cria qualquer competência para adoptar leis de combate à discriminação nos referidos domínios de acção dos Estados-Membros ou de entidades privadas, nem prevê uma proibição abrangente da discriminação em áreas tão vastas. Ao invés, apenas diz respeito às discriminações praticadas pelas próprias instituições e órgãos da União, no exercício das competências que lhes são conferidas pelos Tratados, e pelos Estados-Membros apenas quando implementem legislação da União. Por conseguinte, o n.o 1 não altera o alcance das competências conferidas no âmbito do artigo 19.o nem a interpretação dada a esse artigo.
  O n.o 2 corresponde ao primeiro parágrafo do artigo 18.o do Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia e deve ser aplicado em conformidade com esse artigo.

  Source:

  Jornal Oficial da União Europeia C 303/17 - 14.12.2007

• Hungary v European Parliament and Council of the European Union

  Decision date:

  16 February 2022

  Deciding body type:

  Court of Justice of the European Union

  Deciding body:

  Court (Full Court)

  Policy area:

  Institutional affairs

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

  ECLI:EU:C:2022:97

• Republic of Poland v European Parliament and Council of the European Union

  Decision date:

  16 February 2022

  Deciding body type:

  Court of Justice of the European Union

  Deciding body:

  Court (Full Court)

  Policy area:

  Internal market

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

  ECLI:EU:C:2022:98

• Ciuchi Elena Corina and Puiu Laurenţiu Dan versus the Romanian Government, National Committee for Emergency Situations and the Romanian Ministry of Interior

  Decision date:

  03 December 2021

  Deciding body type:

  National Court/Tribunal

  Deciding body:

  Bucharest Court of Appeal

  Policy area:

  Public Health

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

  ECLI:RO:CABUC:2021:177

• Six petitioners v. National Electoral Commission

  Decision date:

  15 November 2021

  Deciding body type:

  National Court/Tribunal

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

• TC and UB v Komisia za zashtita ot diskriminatsia and VA

  Decision date:

  21 October 2021

  Deciding body type:

  Court of Justice of the European Union

  Deciding body:

  Court (Second Chamber)

  Policy area:

  Employment and social policy

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

  ECLI:EU:C:2021:862

• Abah Bouazza and others; Albert Guigui and others; Section belge du Congrès juif mondial et Congrès juif européen and others and by the Muslim Executive of Belgium and others.

  Decision date:

  30 September 2021

  Deciding body type:

  National Court/Tribunal

  Deciding body:

  Constitutional Court

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

• Decision date:

  02 September 2021

  Deciding body type:

  Court of Justice of the European Union

  Deciding body:

  Court (Grand Chamber)

  Policy area:

  Free movement and equality

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

  ECLI:EU:C:2021:657

• Mr. José Ángel v. Central Electoral Board

  Decision date:

  20 July 2021

  Deciding body type:

  National Court/Tribunal

  Deciding body:

  Supreme Court, Contentious Chamber

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

  ECLI:ES:TS:2021:3092

• IX v WABE eV and MH Müller Handels GmbH v MJ

  Decision date:

  15 July 2021

  Deciding body type:

  Court of Justice of the European Union

  Deciding body:

  Court (Grand Chamber)

  Policy area:

  Employment and social policy

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

  ECLI:EU:C:2021:594

• Decision date:

  10 June 2021

  Deciding body type:

  Court of Justice of the European Union

  Deciding body:

  Court (Fifth Chamber)

  Policy area:

  Employment and social policy

  ECLI (European case law identifier):

  ECLI:EU:C:2021:477

67 results found

• Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms

  Article 3 (1) Everyone is guaranteed the enjoyment of her fundamental rights and basic freedoms without regard to gender, race, colour of skin, language, faith and religion, political or other conviction, national or social origin, membership in a national or ethnic minority, property, birth, or other status.

• Listina základních práv a svobod

  Článek 3 (1) Základní práva a svobody se zaručují všem bez rozdílu pohlaví, rasy, barvy pleti, jazyka, víry a náboženství, politického či jiného smýšlení, národního nebo sociálního původu, příslušnosti k národnostní nebo etnické menšině, majetku, rodu nebo jiného postavení. (...)

• Equality Act 2006

  An Act to make provision for the establishment of the Commission for Equality and Human Rights; to dissolve the Equal Opportunities Commission, the Commission for Racial Equality and the Disability Rights Commission; to make provision about discrimination on grounds of religion or belief; to enable provision to be made about discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation; to impose duties relating to sex discrimination on persons performing public functions; to amend the Disability Discrimination Act 1995; and for connected purposes.

• Equality Act 2010

  Section 13 Direct discrimination
  (1) A person (A) discriminates against another (B) if, because of a protected characteristic, A treats B less favourably than A treats or would treat others.
  (2) If the protected characteristic is age, A does not discriminate against B if A can show A's treatment of B to be a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim.
  (3) If the protected characteristic is disability, and B is not a disabled person, A does not discriminate against B only because A treats or would treat disabled persons more favourably than A treats B.
  (4)If the protected characteristic is marriage and civil partnership, this section applies to a contravention of Part 5 (work) only if the treatment is because it is B who is married or a civil partner.
  (5) If the protected characteristic is race, less favourable treatment includes segregating B from others.
  (6) If the protected characteristic is sex—
  (a) less favourable treatment of a woman includes less favourable treatment of her because she is breast-feeding;
  (b) in a case where B is a man, no account is to be taken of special treatment afforded to a woman in connection with pregnancy or childbirth.
  (7) Subsection (6)(a) does not apply for the purposes of Part 5 (work).
  (8) This section is subject to sections 17(6) and 18(7).
  …
  Section 19 Indirect discrimination
  (1)A person (A) discriminates against another (B) if A applies to B a provision, criterion or practice which is discriminatory in relation to a relevant protected characteristic of B's.
  (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), a provision, criterion or practice is discriminatory in relation to a relevant protected characteristic of B's if—
  (a) A applies, or would apply, it to persons with whom B does not share the characteristic,
  (b) it puts, or would put, persons with whom B shares the characteristic at a particular disadvantage when compared with persons with whom B does not share it,
  (c) it puts, or would put, B at that disadvantage, and
  (d) A cannot show it to be a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim.
  (3) The relevant protected characteristics are—
  age;
  disability;
  gender reassignment;
  marriage and civil partnership;
  race;
  religion or belief;
  sex;
  sexual orientation.

• Human Rights Act 1998

  See ECHR provisions of Article 14 which have been incorporated into UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998.. Schdule 1, Article 14 Prohibition of discrimination
  The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.

• Instrument of Government

  Chapter 1 - Basic principles of the form of government: Article 2. Public power shall be exercised with respect for the equal worth of all and the liberty and dignity of the individual. (…) The public institutions shall promote the opportunity for all to attain participation and equality in society and for the rights of the child to be safeguarded. The public institutions shall combat discrimination of persons on grounds of gender, colour, national or ethnic origin, linguistic or religious affiliation, functional disability, sexual orientation, age or other circumstance affecting the individual. The opportunities of the Sami people and ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities to preserve and develop a cultural and social life of their own shall be promoted; Article 9 Courts of law, administrative authorities and others performing public administration functions shall pay regard in their work to the equality of all before the law and shall observe objectivity and impartiality. Chapter 2 - Fundamental rights and freedoms: Article 12 No act of law or other provision may imply the unfavourable treatment of anyone because they belong to a minority group by reason of ethnic origin, colour, or other similar circumstances or on account of their sexual orientation; Article 13 No act of law or other provision may imply the unfavourable treatment of anyone on grounds of gender, unless the provision forms part of efforts to promote equality between men and women or relates to compulsory military service or other equivalent official duties.

• Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform

  1 kapitlet - Statsskickets grunder: 2 § Den offentliga makten ska utövas med respekt för alla människors lika värde och för den enskilda människans frihet och värdighet. (…) Det allmänna ska verka för att alla människor ska kunna uppnå delaktighet och jämlikhet i samhället och för att barns rätt tas till vara. Det allmänna ska motverka diskriminering av människor på grund av kön, hudfärg, nationellt eller etniskt ursprung, språklig eller religiös tillhörighet, funktionshinder, sexuell läggning, ålder eller andra omständigheter som gäller den enskilde som person. Samiska folkets och etniska, språkliga och religiösa minoriteters möjligheter att behålla och utveckla ett eget kultur- och samfundsliv ska främjas; 9 § Domstolar samt förvaltningsmyndigheter och andra som fullgör offentliga förvaltningsuppgifter ska i sin verksamhet beakta allas likhet inför lagen samt iaktta saklighet och opartiskhet. 2 kapitlet - Grundläggande fri- och rättigheter: 12 § Lag eller annan föreskrift får inte innebära att någon missgynnas därför att han eller hon tillhör en minoritet med hänsyn till etniskt ursprung, hudfärg eller annat liknande förhållande eller med hänsyn till sexuell läggning; 13 § Lag eller annan föreskrift får inte innebära att någon missgynnas på grund av sitt kön, om inte föreskriften utgör ett led i strävanden att åstadkomma jämställdhet mellan män och kvinnor eller avser värnplikt eller motsvarande tjänsteplikt.

• Constitutión Española

  Artículo 14 Los españoles son iguales ante la ley, sin que pueda prevalecer discriminación alguna por razón de nacimiento, raza, sexo, religión, opinión o cualquier otra condición o circunstancia personal o social.

• Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain

  Section 14 Spaniards are equal before the law and may not in any way be discriminated against on account of birth, race, sex, religion, opinion or any other personal or social condition or circumstance.

• Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia

  Article 14 In Slovenia everyone shall be guaranteed equal human rights and fundamental freedoms irrespective of national origin, race, sex, language, religion, political or other conviction, material standing, birth, education, social status, disability or any other personal circumstance. All are equal before the law.

• Ustava Republike Slovenije

  14. člen V Sloveniji so vsakomur zagotovljene enake človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine, ne glede na narodnost, raso spol, jezik, vero, politično ali drugo prepričanje, gmotno stanje, rojstvo, izobrazbo, družbeni položaj, invalidnost ali katerokoli drugo osebno okoliščino.

• ACT No. 365/2004 Coll. - Antidiscrimination Act

  § 1 Scope This Act provides for the application of the principle of equal treatment and lays down the means of legal protection in a case of violation of this principle. § 2 Basic provisions (1) Adherence to the principle of equal treatment shall lay in the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sex, religion or belief, race, nationality or ethnic origin, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital or family status, colour, language, political affiliation or other conviction, national or social origin, property, lineage or any other status. (2) While adhering to the principle of equal treatment, observance shall also be paid to good morals for the purpose of broadening of protection against discrimination. (3) Adherence to the principle of equal treatment shall also rest in adoption of measures for the protection against discrimination.

• Constitution of the Slovak Republic

  Article 12 (...) (2) Basic rights and freedoms on the territory of the Slovak Republic are guaranteed to everyone regardless of sex, race, color of skin, language, faith and religion, political, or other thoughts, national or social origin, belonging to a national minority or an ethnic group, property, gender, or any other status. No one may be harmed, preferred, or discriminated against on these grounds. (...)

• Ústava Slovenskej republiky

  Čl. 12 (...) (2) Základné práva a slobody sa zaručujú na území Slovenskej republiky všetkým bez ohľadu na pohlavie, rasu, farbu pleti, jazyk, vieru a náboženstvo, politické, či iné zmýšľanie, národný alebo sociálny pôvod, príslušnosť k národnosti alebo etnickej skupine, majetok, rod alebo iné postavenie. Nikoho nemožno z týchto dôvodov poškodzovať, zvýhodňovať alebo znevýhodňovať. (...)

• Constituția României

  Articolul 4 (...) (2) România este patria comuna si indivizibila a tuturor cetatenilor sai, fara deosebire de rasa, de nationalitate, de origine etnica, de limba, de religie, de sex, de opinie, de apartenenta politica, de avere sau de origine sociala.

• Constitution of Romania

    Article 4 (...) (2) Romania is the common and indivisible homeland of all its citizens, without any discrimination on account of race, nationality, ethnic origin, language, religion, sex, opinion, political adherence, property or social origin.

• Constituição da República Portuguesa

  Artigo 13.º (Princípio da igualdade) 1. Todos os cidadãos têm a mesma dignidade social e são iguais perante a lei. 2. Ninguém pode ser privilegiado, beneficiado, prejudicado, privado de qualquer direito ou isento de qualquer dever em razão de ascendência, sexo, raça, língua, território de origem, religião, convicções políticas ou ideológicas, instrução, situação económica, condição social ou orientação sexual.

• Constitution of the Portuguese Republic

  Article 13 (Principle of equality) (1) All citizens possess the same social dignity and are equal before the law. (2) No one may be privileged, favoured, prejudiced, deprived of any right or exempted from any duty for reasons of ancestry, sex, race, language, territory of origin, religion, political or ideological beliefs, education, economic situation, social circumstances or sexual orientation.

• Constitution of the Republic of Poland

  Article 32 1. All persons shall be equal before the law. All persons shall have the right to equal treatment by public authorities. 2. No one shall be discriminated against in political, social or economic life for any reason whatsoever.

• Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

  Art. 32. 1. Wszyscy są wobec prawa równi. Wszyscy mają prawo do równego traktowania przez władze publiczne.2. Nikt nie może być dyskryminowany w życiu politycznym, społecznym lub gospodarczym z jakiejkolwiek przyczyny.

3 results found

• Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detec...

  Article 10 Processing of special categories of personal data
  ‘Processing of personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership, and the processing of genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a natural person, data concerning health or data concerning a natural person's sex life or sexual orientation shall be allowed only where strictly necessary, subject to appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of the data subject, and only:
  (a) where authorised by Union or Member State law;
  (b) to protect the vital interests of the data subject or of another natural person; or
  (c) where such processing relates to data which are manifestly made public by the data subject.‘

• Directive 2014/54/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on measures facilitating the exercise of rights conferred on workers in the context of freedom of movement for workers Text with EEA relevance

  Article 4 - Bodies to promote equal treatment and to support Union workers and members of their family
  ‘1. Each Member State shall designate one or more structures or bodies (‘bodies’) for the promotion, analysis, monitoring and support of equal treatment of Union workers and members of their family without discrimination on grounds of nationality, unjustified restrictions or obstacles to their right to free movement and shall make the necessary arrangements for the proper functioning of such bodies. Those bodies may form part of existing bodies at national level which have similar objectives. [...]‘

• Regulation (EU) No 1381/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 establishing a Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme for the period 2014 to 2020 Text with EEA relevance

  Preamble:
  ‘(7) Equality between women and men is one of the Union's founding values. Unequal treatment between women and men violates fundamental rights. Moreover, the promotion of equality between women and men also contributes to achieving the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The objective of promoting equality between women and men should be implemented in a mutually reinforcing manner with other Union or Member States activities that have the same objective, in particular with those referred to in the European Pact for gender equality for the period 2011 to 2020.
  (8) Discrimination on the ground of sex includes, in line with the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, discrimination arising from gender reassignment. In the implementation of the Programme, regard should also be had to developments in Union law and in the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union with regard to further gender related aspects, including gender identity.
  (9) The right to be treated with dignity in the workplace and society in general is an expression of the founding values of the Union and coordinated action is necessary to permit targeted activities in relation to the employment market. Therefore, actions in the area of gender equality and non-discrimination should include promoting equality between women and men and combating discrimination in the workplace and the employment market.‘

4 results found

• Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, General recommendation No. 35 Combating racist hate speech

  ‘24. Article 5 of the Convention enshrines the obligation of States parties to prohibit and eliminate racial discrimination and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the rights to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of opinion and expression, and freedom of peaceful assembly and association.‘
  ‘25. The Committee considers that the expression of ideas and opinions made in the context of academic debates, political engagement or similar activity, and without incitement to hatred, contempt, violence or discrimination, should be regarded as legitimate exercises of the right to freedom of expression, even when such ideas are controversial.‘
  ‘26. In addition to its inclusion in article 5, freedom of opinion and expression is recognized as a fundamental right in a broad range of international instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which affirm that everyone has the right to hold opinions and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds through any media and regardless of frontiers. The right to freedom of expression is not unlimited but carries with it special duties and responsibilities. It may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but only if they are provided by law and are necessary for protection of the rights or reputations of others and for the protection of national security or of public order, or of public health or morals. Freedom of expression should not aim at the destruction of the rights and freedoms of others, including the right to equality and non-discrimination.‘

• Human Rights Council Resolution 26/15 (2014) - Accelerating efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: violence against women as a barrier to women’s political and economic empowerment

  ‘6. Emphasizes that the prohibition of discrimination against women on grounds of sex, pregnancy, maternity, parenthood or care work should be enforced for all women in all areas of work, including in the informal sector;
  7. Requests States to take measures to overcome the barriers to women’s economic opportunities resulting from maternity and the disproportionate burden of unpaid care work in order to permit choice by women and men as to how they allocate work and family duties and in order to enable the complementarity of work and family between women and men;
  8. Urges States to take measures to reduce informal work for women, with a focus on female participation in economic life and by increasing women’s economic opportunities, particularly in formal employment, in order to promote gender equality; [...]‘

• Human Rights Council Resolution 26/5 (2014) - Elimination of discrimination against women

• Human Rights Council Resolution 35/18 (2017) - Elimination of discrimination against women and girls

• CS, DE, ES, FR, HU, IT, NL, PL, RO versions now available

• Italian version now available

• Printed copies now available for order

• New language versions: Lithuanian, Portuguese and Slovak

• German language version now available

• Last versions available are EL and NL

Como se define a discriminação?

O que é discriminação resposta?

Quais são as formas de discriminação?

Quais são os três tipos de discriminação?