Plants need light energy to make the chemical energy needed to create carbohydrates. Increasing the light intensity will boost the speed of photosynthesis. However, at high light intensities the rate becomes constant. Show
Experiment
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Explanation
What happens during photosynthesis?Plants make their own food using photosynthesis. The food is important for the plants and for organisms that feed on the plants. Optimum rates of photosynthesis produce maximum plant yields. There are several ways of measuring the rate of photosynthesis in the laboratory. These include: These are not perfect methods as the plant will also be respiring, which will use up some oxygen and carbohydrate and increase carbon dioxide output. Several factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis:
The amount of chlorophyll also affects the rate of photosynthesis:
Light intensityWithout enough light, a plant cannot photosynthesise very quickly - even if there is plenty of water and carbon dioxide and a suitable temperature. Increasing the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis, until some other factor - a limiting factor - becomes in short supply. At very high light intensities, photosynthesis is slowed and then inhibited, but these light intensities do not occur in nature. Carbon dioxide concentrationCarbon dioxide – with water – is one of the reactants in photosynthesis. If the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased, the rate of photosynthesis will therefore increase. Again, at some point, a different factor may become limiting. Beyond this concentration, further increases in the concentration of carbon dioxide will not result in a faster rate of photosynthesis, and would appear on a graph as a horizontal line. TemperatureThe chemical reactions that combine carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose are controlled by enzymes. As with any other enzyme-controlled reaction, the rate of photosynthesis is affected by temperature. At low temperatures, the rate of photosynthesis is limited by the number of molecular collisions between enzymes and substrates. At high temperatures, enzymes are denatured. ChlorophyllChlorophyll absorbs the light required to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Chlorophyll is green - so absorbs the red and blue parts of the electromagnetic spectrum and reflects the green part of the spectrum. Leaves with more chlorophyll are better able to absorb the light required for photosynthesis. The compensation pointThese graphs have been plotted with rate of photosynthesis against the factor under investigation. If oxygen production or carbon dioxide uptake is used as a measure of photosynthetic rate, the graphs are slightly different. The line does not go through the origin. This is because oxygen production and carbon dioxide uptake are affected by respiration as well as photosynthesis. For instance, if a graph is plotted of carbon dioxide uptake against light intensity: The compensation point is the light intensity at which the rate of photosynthesis is equal to the rate of respiration. A similar graph will be obtained if oxygen production is plotted against light intensity.
GCSE Subjects
How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis GCSE?Increasing the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis, until some other factor – a limiting factor – becomes in short supply. At very high light intensities, photosynthesis is slowed and then inhibited, but these light intensities do not occur in nature.
How does light intensity affect plant growth and photosynthesis?Light intensity influences the manufacture of plant food, stem length, leaf color and flowering. Generally speaking, plants grown in low light tend to be spindly with light green leaves. A similar plant grown in very bright light tends to be shorter, better branches, and have larger, dark green leaves.
How does light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?Light and rate of photosynthesis
Light dependent reactions use light energy and so are not affected by changes in temperature. As light intensity is increased further, however, the rate of photosynthesis is eventually limited by some other factor. So the rate plateaus.
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