Pancreatic cancer spread to lymph nodes life expectancy

Pancreatic cancer is unique to every patient, and it is not possible for anyone to estimate exactly how long you will live with the disease. Survival depends on your current health, any other conditions you have and your general level of fitness. It also depends on the stage of your cancer when it is diagnosed.

Overall survival for pancreatic cancer

The overall one-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is 24.4%, in the UK. This means that around 24 in 100 will have survived to one year and beyond.

The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is 7.3%. This means that around 8 in 100 people will have survived for five years and beyond.

10-year survival of the disease is 1%, meaning only around 1 in 100 people survive 10 years and beyond.

Pancreatic cancer has the lowest five-year survival rate of any of the 22 common cancers. However, it is encouraging that survival has more than doubled since Pancreatic Cancer Action began, 10 years ago. Though increases in survival may seem small, we are beginning to see a slow but positive trend upwards after decades without improvement.

Early-stage diagnosis

If you are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at an early stage, this means that you have been diagnosed at stage one or two. In early-stage cancer, the tumour is small and hasn’t spread to other places in the body. You may be eligible for surgery to remove the cancer and for follow-up treatments to stop it from coming back. However, only 10-15% of patients are eligible for surgery.

People with early-stage pancreatic cancer have a five-year survival of up to 29%. This means that around 29 people in 100 will have survived to five years and beyond.

For people who do not live this long, there are some possible explanations. Firstly, the cancer may have recurred, and a tumour grown again in the same part of the body. Secondly, cancer cells may have spread around the body before surgery but have been too small to be seen on scans. These may have grown into tumours later.

Late-stage diagnosis

If you are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at a late stage, you have been diagnosed at stage three or four. The tumour may be larger and spread into surrounding tissues; this is stage three pancreatic cancer. Stage three survival varies depending on the size of the tumour and how it has spread. Patients with stage three pancreatic cancer may survive six to eleven months, on average.

If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, this is stage four. Survival varies depending on where the cancer has spread and how large the tumour has grown.

Patients with stage four pancreatic cancer may survive two to six months, on average.

There are many reasons why pancreatic cancer is diagnosed late, click here to find out more.

What questions should I ask my doctor?

  • What stage is the cancer at?
  • Where is it shown to be located?
  • What treatments are available to me?
  • What happens now?

Pancreatic cancer spread to lymph nodes life expectancy

  • Survival Rate
  • Definition
    • What Is Pancreatic Cancer?
  • Causes
    • What Causes Pancreatic Cancer?
  • Diagnosis
    • How Is Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed?
  • Treatment
    • What Is the Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer?
  • Guide
    • How Long Do You Have to Live with Stage 4 Pancreatic Cancer? Topic Guide

Pancreatic cancer spread to lymph nodes life expectancy

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, accounting for about 95% of cancers of the pancreas.

Life expectancy for pancreatic cancer is often expressed in 5-year survival rates, that is, how many people will be alive 5 years after diagnosis. 

Pancreatic cancer 5-year survival rates chart
Pancreatic cancer stage Survival rate
Localized (no sign cancer has spread outside the pancreas) 37%
Regional (cancer has spread outside the pancreas to nearby structures or to nearby lymph nodes) 12%
Distant (cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the lungs, liver, or bones) 3%

The life expectancy for stage 4 pancreatic cancer is very low, estimated to be about three to five months. By stage 4, pancreatic cancer has spread to and damaged surrounding organs, which makes it difficult to treat. 

What Causes Pancreatic Cancer?

Pancreatic cancer is believed to be caused by genetic changes (mutations), however, the exact cause for these mutations is unknown. 
Risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include: 

  • Tobacco use
    • This is one of the most common causes of pancreatic cancer 
    • About 25% of pancreatic cancers are thought to be caused by cigarette smoking
    • The risk of developing pancreatic cancer is about twice as high among smokers compared to those who have never smoked
  • Being overweight or obese 
    • People with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more are about 20% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer
    • Gaining weight as an adult 
    • Carrying extra weight around the waistline even in people who are not overweight
  • Diabetes
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Workplace exposure to certain chemicals such as those used in the dry cleaning and metal working industries 
  • Age
    • Risk increases with age
    • About two-thirds of patients are at least 65 years old
    • The average age at diagnosis is 70
  • Gender: men are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than women (this may be due to greater tobacco use in men)
  • Race: African Americans are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than whites
  • Family history
  • Inherited genetic syndromes

How Is Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed?

Pancreatic cancer is diagnosed with a patient history and physical exam, along with tests such as:

  • Imaging tests 
    • Computed tomography (CT) scan
    • Multiphase CT scan or a pancreatic protocol CT scan
    • CT-guided needle biopsy
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
    • MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
    • MR angiography (MRA)
  • Ultrasound
    • Abdominal ultrasound
    • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
  • Cholangiopancreatography
    • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
    • Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
    • Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
    • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
    • Angiography
  • Blood tests
    • Liver function tests
    • Tumor markers
      • CA 19-9
      • Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
    • Complete blood count (CBC) 
    • Chemistry panel
  • Biopsy
    • Percutaneous (through the skin) biopsy
    • Endoscopic biopsy
    • Surgical biopsy
  • Genetic counseling and testing
    • Can help determine what treatments might be useful
    • Family members of the patient may consider genetic counseling and testing 

What Is the Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer?

Treatment for pancreatic cancer includes one or more of the following:

  • Surgery 
    • Potentially curative surgery: used when tests suggest it’s possible to remove (resect) all the cancer
      • Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): removes a cancer in the head of the pancreas. 
      • Distal pancreatectomy: removes only the tail of the pancreas or the tail and a portion of the body of the pancreas, along with the spleen 
      • Total pancreatectomy: removal of entire pancreas, as well as the gallbladder, part of the stomach and small intestine, and the spleen
    • Palliative surgery: used if the cancer is too widespread to be removed completely; done to relieve symptoms or to prevent complications like a blocked bile duct or intestine
      • Stent placement to relieve a blocked bile duct 
      • Bypass surgery to relieve a blocked bile duct
  • Ablation or embolization treatments 
    • Ablation: used to destroy tumors, usually with extreme heat or cold
      • Works best for tumors no more than about 2 cm (just under an inch) 
      • Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) 
      • Microwave thermotherapy 
      • Ethanol (alcohol) ablation (also known as percutaneous ethanol injection) 
      • Cryosurgery (also known as cryotherapy or cryoablation) 
    • Embolization 
      • Arterial embolization (also known as trans-arterial embolization or TAE) 
      • Chemoembolization (also known as trans-arterial chemoembolization or TACE
      • Radioembolization 
  • Radiation therapy 
    • External beam radiation therapy
  • Chemotherapy 
    • Before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) or after surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy)
      • Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
      • 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
      • Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
      • Albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane)
      • Capecitabine (Xeloda)
      • Cisplatin
      • Irinotecan (Camptosar)
    • For advanced pancreatic cancer
      • Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
      • 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or capecitabine (Xeloda) (an oral 5FU drug) 
      • Irinotecan (Camptosar) or liposomal irinotecan (Onivyde)
      • Platinum agents: cisplatin and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
      • Taxanes: Paclitaxel (Taxol), docetaxel (Taxotere), and albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane)
  • Targeted therapy
    • EGFR inhibitor: erlotinib (Tarceva) 
    • PARP inhibitor: olaparib (Lynparza) 
    • NTRK inhibitors: larotrectinib (Vitrakvi) and entrectinib (Rozlytrek)
  • Immunotherapy 
    • PD-1 inhibitor: pembrolizumab (Keytruda) 
  • Pain control 

From
Pancreatic cancer spread to lymph nodes life expectancy

Reviewed on 1/11/2021

References

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/pancreatic-cancer.html

https://healthresearchfunding.org/stage-4-pancreatic-cancer-life-expectancy/

What stage is pancreatic cancer if spread to lymph nodes?

Stage II. The cancer may have metastasized to nearby tissue and organs or lymph nodes near the pancreas.

How long do stage 4 pancreatic cancer patients live?

Stage IV Prognosis Stage IV pancreatic cancer has a five-year survival rate of 1 percent. The average patient diagnosed with late-stage pancreatic cancer will live for about 1 year after diagnosis.

Does pancreatic cancer spread to lymph nodes?

When pancreatic cancer spreads beyond the pancreas, cancer cells can deposit in the lymph nodes normally found around the pancreas. The "N" designation of staging refers to whether or not the cancer has spread to these lymph nodes. Metastasis (tumor spread) in one to three lymph nodes.

What are the last stages of pancreatic cancer?

What are the pancreatic cancer end-of-life signs?.
Pain (generally in the back or abdomen).
Weight loss..
Loss of appetite or eating and drinking less..
Nausea..
Changes in stool (color).
Abdominal bloating..
Dark colored urine..
Changes in breathing..