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Technical Writing for Success3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson 468 solutions Summarizing is a very important skill in today's fast-paced world. Being able to convey the most important information concisely and accurately, without wasting any time or causing misunderstandings, is a skill that many managers prize in their employees, and many employees appreciate in their managers. Paraphrasing is equally important, as it is often used to check understanding of a task or problem. If you can paraphrase accurately and simply, many misunderstandings can be prevented.
Writing well is not only useful for school essays! Kymberly Fergusson (nifwlseirff) The Purpose of Learning to SummarizeSummaries omit the detail and focus on the core, most important points in a longer piece of information. They are top-down, bird's-eye views, and are used in all aspects of our lives. When StudyingWhen studying, summarizing is important for note taking, for the same reasons as paraphrasing: It helps link new information to existing information, and cements the most important information in our thoughts. Being able to summarize lengthy articles or papers and link them together, provides the best background or base for a research report. By learning how to summarize, we are also training ourselves to recognize important information quickly. This is especially useful and time-saving when skimming articles, papers, or websites for information that's required to solve a problem. At WorkIn the workplace, being able to summarize can save time, when checking your understanding of a task, describing a problem, preparing reports, or recommending solutions to problems. Meetings run faster, and documents are concise and clear. Advertising is one form that we are exposed to all the time. Only the important (useful) features of a product are noted, usually in very short phrases, designed to catch out attention and desire. In GeneralWe summarize for our families and friends all the time—instead of explaining every single detail of a trip recently taken or a movie recently seen, we choose to explain only the highlights. Or when giving directions, we explain only the most important decision points (not every street lamp or graffitied wall). Or even when we write notes for our parents to follow, so they don't forget how to access and use their email! Summarizing TipsDo:
Don't:
Try Customizing Summary FormatsMind-maps and other concise graphical representations of information are also summaries, and can be used for learning new information, and also for planning documents or speeches. Pictures and graphics may be used to make notes in summary form more memorable. One person's summary will never be the same as another's, as each individual has their own ideas of what information is most important. It is important that language teachers allow for this difference, when planning tasks that require summarization skills. The Importance of ParaphrasingDescribing information that you have read or heard using your own words is paraphrasing. When a text has been well paraphrased, all of the details in the original text should be retained and should have the same meaning. It is much longer than a summary, which contains only the most important information. For Students and TeachersEvery person learns differently, they have different background knowledge. When a student learns something new, they build on existing knowledge. Writing notes in their own words links the new information much more solidly and clearly to their existing knowledge, and is therefore less likely to be forgotten. It is vitally important that teachers are able to paraphrase, to ensure explanations or sections of textbooks are understood by each student. It is common for teachers to have to present the same information in many ways, before the entire class understands. At WorkIn the workplace, you can paraphrase a question or task to confirm your understanding of the problem. This saves time and avoids conflict when action is taken based on misunderstood requirements—how often have you heard (or said) "But I thought you meant..."? Tips for ParaphrasingDo:
Don't:
Everyone will paraphrase differently, just as everyone uses language differently. Teachers (and managers or parents) can ask students to paraphrase information or task instructions, to check that students have understood correctly. Use Paraphrasing and Summarizing TogetherCombining the skills of paraphrasing and summarizing will save time and make great impressions in a workplace, where effective communication is highly valued. They are vitally important when studying, both for note taking and report writing. By summarizing and paraphrasing you demonstrate a full understanding of the topic, identify the most important information, and explain using your own words.
Paraphrasing and summarizing help you learn languages much faster! Kymberly Fergusson (nifwlseirff) When Learning LanguagesSummarizing and paraphrasing both help with language acquisition, linking words and phrases together and improving retention of new vocabulary. Learning and remembering new vocabulary is a problem faced by most students. By regularly paraphrasing sentences, thoughts, and questions in the language you are learning, you will increase your vocabulary, encourage quick recall of words and develop a more fluent grasp of target language's grammar. Summarizing longer articles or speeches also helps in a number of ways, as more attention is paid to the grammar and words to find the most important information. New words and unfamiliar grammar forms have a higher chance to be remembered, when they have been simplified in a summary. Other short note-taking skills such as mind-mapping can also help with vocabulary building, but work best when combined with paraphrasing to link the new knowledge to existing, and reinforce sentence grammar. Avoiding PlagiarismOne of the biggest problems for teachers in secondary and further education is plagiarism. Incorrectly paraphrased, copied sections of text from books or the internet mean that many students will fail or lose marks at some time during their studies. Even years on, plagiarism can catch up with you. Politicians and high-ranking officials in universities and companies regularly lose their positions when it is found out that portions of their university work were plagiarized. Even the vice-chancellor of my university in Australia lost his job because he copied work! It's important that students learn how to paraphrase, summarize and present information in their own words to avoid being in such a situation. Parents and teachers have a responsibility to educate younger children, and discourage them from taking the 'easy way out' and copying information. These skills are most easily taught in the context of language classes, but are used in all subjects. You can also model these skills to children—paraphrasing and summarizing what they have just told you. No teacher wants to fail a student due to plagiarism, but I once had to fail nearly an entire class! Sam Hames (CC BY-SA 2.0) References
How did you learn how to summarize and paraphrase? How do you improve these skills? Let us know in the comments below! frsnk Benjamin on April 09, 2019: summarize language Florence on September 09, 2018: There is need to apply this in our essay writing very good content . Khalid on March 13, 2018: thanks for your information and I appriciate your effort EricRoth28 on September 12, 2014: Thank you for sharing this insightful, practical article on a frequently neglected skill. As you suggest, summarizing and paraphrasing is a crucial skill in both writing and speaking - yet many remain unaware of its importance. We can't retell an entire movie so we have to summarize the plot and give a compelling movie review in a few sentences (or minutes) in daily conversation. Many language learners find this skill particularly difficult to master! Kymberly Fergusson (author) from Germany on March 02, 2012: denkmuskel - mindmapping and drawing help a lot of people, and are excellent for science-type subjects. I found I learned best in high school when I summarized my (already summarized) notes - it distilled the information down and made me remember it. I couldn't do that easily in maths, and I forgot it two years after leaving school. For learning languages I think summarizing/paraphrasing/mindmapping essential! Michael Schmitz from Berlin on February 26, 2012: I did a lot of mindmapping when I returned to school (Kolleg, so called 2. Bildungsweg in Germany). Actually I almost exclusively did that and passed my Exams with an A-. Though I do not really think that the technique was the most important key to my success I guess it really helped in getting to the core of things. Ever since then I haven't used it at all and at university I started to take notes and scribble around them. I did boxes, circles, lil drawings anything that made it visually more attractive for me. I must say that I almost never remembered much when I reviewed my notes, neither at that first mentioned school, nor at university when they were older than a month as I would have lost the connection to their meaning. Especially when they were taken during a lecture. But as it turned out, I knew enough of what I needed to know, so I was fine again ;) cbpoet from Las Vegas, Nevada on February 12, 2012: Good read. These are techniques that are required of me on a daily basis in consultative sales. It's nice to read about it from another person's perspective. What is the difference between summarizing and paraphrasing edgenuity?1. Paraphrasing is writing any particular text in your own words while summarizing is mentioning only the main points of any work in your own words.
What two things should be included when summarizing choose two answers?Take notes about the main idea and supporting points you think you should include in your summary. Include keywords and terms used by the author and think, too, about how the source ideas are relevant to the argument(s) that you are presenting in your paper.
What is the difference between paraphrasing and summarizing quizlet?Paraphrasing puts only the main idea in the writer's words, while summarizing includes key details. Summarizing is shorter than paraphrasing and includes only the most important details.
How do you teach paraphrasing and summarizing?Teaching paraphrasing can be as simple as modeling it during a read-aloud period in your classroom. This can involve pausing after reading important parts of the text to reiterate the message. You can also practice paraphrasing aloud after reading complex sentences to offer clarification.
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Paraphrasing and summarizing mastery test answers
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