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Terms in this set (74)Nutrition The science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health. What does nutrition encompass? How we consume, digest, metabolize, and store nutrients and how these nutrients affect our body. What does nutrition involve? Studying the factors that influence our eating patterns, making recommendations about the amount we should eat of each type of food, attempting to maintain food safety, and addressing issues related to the global food supply. Chronic disease Diseases that come on slowly and can persist for years, often despite treatment. What can proper nutrition help us with? Improve our health, prevent certain diseases, achieve and maintain a desirable weight, and maintain our energy and vitality. Wellness A multidimensional, lifelong process that includes physical, emotional, social, occupational, and spiritual health. Two critical aspects of physical health Nutrition and physical activity. Early nutrition research focused on what? Identifying the missing nutrient behind sch diseases and on developing guidelines for nutrients intakes that are high enough to prevent them. Poor nutrition is strongly associated with three chronic diseases: Heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Obesity Eating more calories than are expended. Diseases in which nutrition plays some role: Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, some forms of cancer. Diseases with a strong nutritional component: Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high BP, obesity. Diseases caused by nutritional deficiencies or toxicities: Pellagra, scurvy. Goals of a healthful diet Prevent nutrient deficiency diseases and lower the risk for chronic diseases. Organic A substance or nutrient that contains the elements carbon and hydrogen. Why isn't alcohol considered a nutrient? It is not critical for body functioning or the building or repairing of tissues. Alcohol is considered both a ___ and a ____. Drug; toxin. What are the only nutrients that provide energy? Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Macronutrients Nutrients that our body needs in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health. What are the macronutrients? Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The energy in foods is measured in units called ___. Kilocalories. What is a kilocalorie? The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree celsius. Carbohydrates The primary fuel source for our body, particularly for our brain and for physical exercise. Carbohydrates are composed of chains of _____, ____, and ____. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Fats An important energy source for our body at rest and during low intensity exercise. Lipids A diverse group of organic substances that are insoluble in water. What is the difference between fats and carbohydrates? Fats contain proportionally much less oxygen and water than carbohydrates do. Foods that contain fats are also essential for what? The transportation into our body of certain vitamins that are soluble only in fat. Proteins The only macronutrient that contains nitrogen; basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids. What is the main role of protein? Building new cells and tissues. Proteins are also important in what? Regulating the breakdown of foods and our fluid balance. Micronutrients Nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body functions. What are the micronutrients? Vitamins and minerals. Vitamins Organic compounds that assist us in regulating our body's processes. Metabolism The process by which large molecules, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, are broken down via chemical reactions into smaller molecules that can be used as fuel, stored, or assembled into new compounds the body needs. What are the fat soluble vitamins? A, D, E, and K. What are the water soluble vitamins? C, B vitamins Minerals Inorganic substances because they do not contain carbon and hydrogen. Important dietary minerals: Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Functions of minerals: They assist in fluid regulation and energy production, are essential to the health of our bones and blood, and help rid our body of the harmful by products of metabolism. The two categories of minerals: Major minerals and trace minerals. What are the major minerals? Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium chloride, magnesium, sulfur. What is the needed amount of major minerals? Greater than 100 mg/day. What are the trace minerals? Iron, zinc, copper, manganese, flouride, chromium, molybdenum, selenium, iodine. What does adequate water intake ensure? Proper balance of fluid both inside and outside our cells, and it assist in the regulation of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, nutrient transport, and the excretion of waste products. The DRIs are dietary standards for ____ people only. Healthy. The DRIs identify: The amount needed to prevent deficiency diseases in healthy individuals, as well as the amount that may reduce the risk for chronic diseases in healthy people. The DRIs for most nutrients consist of four values: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group. What do scientists use the EAR for? To define the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a given nutrient. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) The average daily nutrient intake level that meets the requirements of 97%-98% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Adequate Intake (AI) Recommended average daily nutrient intake level assumed to be adequate. What is the AI based on? Observations or experiments involving healthy people, and it is used when the RDA cannot be determined. Nutrients having an AI value: Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, flouride. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) A range of macronutrient intakes that provides adequate levels of essential nutrients and is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease. Primary goal of dietary planning: To develop an eating plan that is nutritionally adequate, meaning that the chances of consuming too little or too much of any nutrient is very low. AMDR of carbohydrates 45-65% AMDR of fats 20-35%
AMDR of protein 10-35% Scientific method: Observation, hypothesis, experimental design, collects and analyzes data, alternative hypothesis, conclusion, repeatable, theory. What do epidemiological studies involve? Assessing nutritional habits, disease trends, or other health phenomena. Model systems Experiments with animals. The two primary types of studies conducted with humans: Case control studies and clinical trials. Case control studies Epidemiological studies done on a smaller scale. Clinical trials Tightly controlled experiments in which an intervention is made to determine its effect on a certain condition. Professionals providing reputable nutrition information: Registered dietitian, licensed nutritionists, nutritionists, medical doctor. The CDC works to: Promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. The CDC supports the following two large national surveys: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. World's leading medical research center? National Institutes of Health (NIH) American Dietetic Association (ADA): Largest organization of food and nutrition professionals in the US. The mission of this organization is to promote nutrition, health, and well being. American Society for Nutrition (ASN): Goal: Improve quality of life through the science of nutrition.
Society for Nutrition Education (SNE): Dedicated to promoting healthy, sustainable food choices in communities through nutrition research and education. Sets with similar termsnutrition chapter 183 terms zannajune nutrition chapter 183 terms jzthecoolestPLUS Nutrition 130 Ch 138 terms caitlynleona Nutrition Chapter 152 terms elizabeth_czerpak Sets found in the same folderNutrition Exam 3118 terms LindsaySaraG Nutrition- Chapter 2 Mastering health43 terms SammyJoe8790 Nutrition, An Applied Approach - Chapter 722 terms oliviamarion Jersey College Nutrition Final Study Questions131 terms Purple1235 Other sets by this creatorMaternity Unit 7 - Amber110 terms
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What is it called when you have poor nutrition?Malnutrition is a serious condition that happens when your diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients. It means "poor nutrition" and can refer to: undernutrition – not getting enough nutrients. overnutrition – getting more nutrients than needed.
What are the characteristics of poor nutrition?7 Signs Your Nutrition Isn't On Track. Unexplained Fatigue. Fatigue is a common side effect of iron deficiency, which can lead to anemia, indicated by low levels of red blood cells. ... . Brittle and Dry Hair. ... . Ridged or Spoon-Shaped Nails. ... . Mouth Problems. ... . Diarrhea. ... . Apathy or Irritability. ... . Lack of Appetite.. |
Poor nutrition is strongly associated with
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