Touch. Show Touch promotes closeness in four different ways. First of all, touch provides rewards to others; it is as pleasurable as a bright smile or a taste of chocolate. The right kind of touch stimulates specific cells under your skin—the largest organ in your body—that A second way that touches builds closeness is that it soothes in times of stress. Touch reduces levels of the stress hormone cortisol (Francis & Meaney, 1999). In one study, married women anticipating an electric shock showed decreased threat-related A
third way that touch promotes closeness is that it encourages reciprocity, a foundation of friendships and intimate bonds. Nonhuman primates spend up to 20 percent of their day grooming and systematically share food with other non-kin who have groomed them earlier in the day. In humans, friendly patterns of touch have Upgrade to remove ads Only A$47.99/year
Second Part of Motivation Unit Terms in this set (33)James Lange Theory Emotion is the result of the interpretation of bodily fluctuations Event /Stimulus Physiological Arousal Emotion Facial Feedback Hypothesis If facial expressions Cannon Bard Theory Emotions are the result of the thalamus receiving sensory info about event/stimulus and relaying the info simultaneously to the autonomic nervous system and the cerebral cortex Two factor theory theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal. Spill over effect/ transferred excitement the spillover effect is when one's emotions affect the way one perceives other events. For example "arousal from a soccer match can fuel anger, which can descend into rioting or other violent confrontations" Schachter and Singer Schachter and Singer injected college men with the hormone epinephrine, which triggers feelings of arousal. The volunteers felt little emotion—because they attributed their arousal to the drug. Other participants "caught" the apparent emotion of the other person in the waiting room. They became happy if the accomplice was acting euphoric, and testy if the accomplice was acting irritated. Cognitive Appraisal Theory In the absence of physiological arousal, we decide what to feel after interpreting or explaining what has just happened. Opponent Process Theory The experiencing of emotions disrupts the body's state of homeostasis. Emotions occur in opposite pairs and oppose one another so that homeostasis can once again be achieved. (Ex: happy, sad) Sympathetic Nervous System mobilizes your body for action, directing your adrenal glands to release the stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Parasympathetic Nervous System Calms your body after a stressful event Amgdala Associated with fear Right prefrontal love v. left prefrontal lobe Left
prefrontal cortex is associated with positive emotions (happiness); while activity of the right prefrontal cortex is associated with negative emotions (disgust) Spinal Cord Injuries ? Fast paced system of emotion: Unconscious and immediate, response by the amygdala Slow paced system of emotion Conscious appraisal Nucleus Accumbens Associated with pleasure Detecting Emotion The brain is very good at detecting subtle differences in expressions. However, even trained professionals find it difficult to detect emotion in others. The behaivoral differences between liars and truth tellers are too minute for most people to detect. Introverts vs. extroverts introverts tend to excel at reading other's emotions, while extroverts are generally easier to read Basic Emotions There are ten basic emotions: joy, interest/excitement,
suprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt. Computer based communication Electronic communications provide impoverished nonverbal cues.The absence of expressive e-motion can make for ambiguous emotion. Without the vocal nuances that signal whether a statement is serious, kidding, or sarcastic, we are in danger of mis-communicating The facial code Most researchers believe that there is a facial code that governs the way we display emotions on our face and interpret emotions on other people's faces. This code is probably derived from our evolutionary past and is common to all humans, regardless of race or culture. Gender differences in emotion Women generally tend to surpass men
when reading people's emotional cues. Women have better non-verbal sensitivity. polygraph measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion Faults of polygraphs People have similar physiological
responces to different emotions, which might lead to accusal of the wrong person. Microexpressions brief, involuntary facial expression shown on the face of humans according to emotions experienced. They usually occur in high-stakes situations, where people have something to lose or gain. Microexpressions occur when a person is consciously trying to conceal all signs of how he or she is feeling, or when a person does not consciously know how he or she is feeling Culutral Similarities and Differences Cultures share a universal language for basic facial emotions, but they differ in how much they express emotions. Catharsis "releasing" aggressive energy (through
action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges Feel good, do good phenomenon people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood Subjective well being self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Our feelings of happiness (sometimes defined as a high ratio of positive to negative feelings) or sense of satisfaction with life. Income happiness return/ diminishing return To an extent, wealth does correlate with well being (especially in poor countries) but once one has enough money to buy food, pilling up more money does little for their happiness Adaption level phenomenon Our tendecy to judge various stimuli in comparison with our past experiences relative deprivation the perception that one is worse off relative to those whome one compares oneself indicators of happiness high
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What are some of the basic emotions quizlet?What are the 6 basic emotions? Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust.
What are some of the basic emotions we all experience Brainly?The most fundamental emotions, known as the basic emotions, are those of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise.
What are the 6 basic emotions quizlet?sadness, happiness, disgust, surprise, anger, and fear.
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What are some of the basic emotions we all experience quizlet?
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