What are the colored audio cables called?

Speaker wire consists of equal numbers of electrical conductors insulated from each other and enclosed by a protective jacket, normally PVC material. One wire conductor is referred to as the Positive conductor (+ red), while the other is referred to as the Negative conductor ( – black).

Copper is the most commonly used metal conductor. Typically, conductors are made up of numerous tiny strands of copper. Stranded wires are far more flexible and therefore much easier to run through the walls of a house. PVC is commonly used in insulators and jackets.

The color codes for the four-conductor wire for speaker one are Red (positive), Black (negative), and White or Yellow (positive), Green (negative).

The first two conductors are used for the first speaker because two-conductor speaker wire typically contains a black and red conductor, with the Black being Negative (-) and the Red as Positive (+).  People normally do a lot of things from left to right, therefore the left is typically chosen as the Left side. This leaves the right speaker with the green and white (or yellow) conductors. Green (sometimes with a Yellow stripe) is the color of an earth ground in AC wiring, so we use this green color wire as Negative, which leaves White or Yellow color wire for the Positive connection.

Four-conductor wire is commonly used for whole-house wiring (multi-room audio) to reduce both the amount of cable and labor that will be required.

Quality equipment and cabling perform a much better job of transmitting audio signals from the source to the destination without signal degradation. Less noise and distortion result in better sound. Cables can add a great deal of noise and distortion to the sound in how they’re designed (type of copper, gauge, lengths) and how well they are shielded (designed to reject noise from outside interference.) Reducing noise anywhere inside the system will improve overall system performance.

Inexpensive speaker cables are manufactured by connecting one + and one – conductors in parallel. This is commonly referred to as zip-cord. Premium in-wall speaker cables are seldom built in this manner. Instead, the conductors are twisted. Twisted conductors are much less susceptible to noise reception. 

Higher purity coppers such as OFC (Oxygen Free Copper) are used in higher quality in-wall speaker cables; coppers that are contaminated with other metals are manufactured in a method that minimizes the quantity of oxygen present in the metal. Because it contains less oxygen, this reduced oxygen cable is more stable over time and is naturally resistant to corrosion.

Because cables are less expensive than main components, investing in higher-quality cables is the most cost-effective performance upgrade available.

Syston Cable offers Premium OFC Audio cable in 12, 14, and 16 gauge with 2 or 4 conductors for Riser-rated, Plenum-rated, and Direct Burial application.

AV cords are generally used to make connections for audio and video transfer with minimal loss of quality. They were introduced in the 1940s by the Radio Corporation of America (aka the RCA) as RCA cables to replace the original, used quarter-inch phone connectors for the transfer of audio signals. But with time, refinement came to its design, and more uses were assigned to it and at its prime, these cords were being used to transfer composite video, right and left audio, power, and also component video signals.

AV cables have been used for giving connections from televisions to the DVD player, gaming consoles, and cable boxes. But since they are unable to carry HD signals so their use in commercial and home applications has suffered a decrease.

Components:

A single AV cable consists of the following parts.

A single male connector that is surrounded by a ring. The ring is often segments to provide it with a spring gripping pressure.

The second part, i.e. the socket is the female connector, it is made up of a hole and an outer ring.

The area between the hole and the outer ring in the female connector is filled with an insulator, which is generally plastic. However, in the older AV cable apparatus, such as those used for the transfer of RF signals, these were made of ceramic.

The cables are generally mated by pushing the male connector into the female jack. Proper mating should be ensured to confirm that no loss in signal takes place. Improper mating may lead to poor video quality or audio signals.

Color coding of RCA AV cables:

Let us start by explaining the color coding for different audio and video signals.

Composite video: (YELLOW)

A Yellow color RCA connector is used for the composite video cable. This should be a coaxial cable and this would generally be thicker than the other RCA connectors.

Audio signals: (RED and WHITE)

There are two audio channels, the right and left audio channels.

RED is used for the RCA connector for the right audio channel.

WHITE is used to represent the RCA connector for the left audio channel. (Sometimes black may also be used instead of white for the left audio channel.)

Component video: (RED, GREEN, and BLUE)

They are of two types,

Red, Green, and Blue light input signals for an RGB system. (VGA)

Yellow (Luminance) on the Green Cable, two-color difference signals Pb/Cb and Pr/Cr.

These are coaxial cables and they are physically identical to each other except for the colors on these RCA connectors.

AV Composite Cable:

The AV composite cable consists of 3 RCA connectors color-coded as Yellow, Red, and White(Y, R, W)

• Yellow – Video
• Red – Right Audio Input
• White – Left Audio Input

AV Component Cable:

This type of cable consists of 5 RCA connectors color-coded as Red, Green, Blue, Red, and White (R, G, B, R, W)

• Red – red light channel
• Green – green light channel
• Blue – blue light channel
• Red – right audio input
• White – left audio input

Problems with AV cables:

The following are a few problems with AV cables.

Sometimes the (hot) signal connection is made before the (cold) ground connection and this leads to the production of a loud buzz sound.

They cannot transfer HD video quality so their use has been decreased to a minimal in the modern time.

They require a separate connection for each signal no matter how minute the signal is. Due to this in a setup, it leads to confusion in its connection.

As these cables transfer Analog signals, so the signal quality is degraded with the length of the cable. Hence smaller and arranged AV cables provide better signals than longer and disarrayed AV cables.

Types of AV Cables:

RCA AV Cable:

This type of AV cable is the most primitive and is the standard AV cable discussed.it consists of 3 RCA connectors, one for video and two for audio.

VGA (Visual Graphic Array) and DVI (Digital Visual Interface) AV Cable:

In this type of AV cable, better video quality can be provided compared to the previous type because of the use of 3 component coaxial cables for video transfer instead of one. This has been the standard for most types of monitor connections.

VGA is an older technology developed in 1987 and it transfers an analog signal through 15 individual pins.

DVI was introduced in the market in 1999 and as the name suggests, it transfers digital signals. It is still compatible with analog transmissions and can connect with both older VGA and the newer HDMI connections.

However, these AV cables cannot transfer audio and a separate 3.5mm jack is used for that purpose.

Coaxial AV cable:

This type of AV cable can single-handedly transfer both audio and video signals. These are used in the cable industry to carry the audio and video signals of television channels from our television provider to our cable box. They may also be used for carrying cable internet to your modem if you have subscribed to the internet through your cable provider.

HDMI (High definition Multimedia Interface) AV Cable:

This type of cable is used to carry audio and video signals from a device to our TV or Computer Monitor. It is the standard type of cable for all HDTVs and many other devices like gaming consoles, laptops, desktop computers, and Blu-ray players. Which type of HDMI cable is to be used depends upon the quality of the video to be transferred. Different HDMI cables are used for transferring 720p, 1080p and 4k videos.

Now that you have been informed about the uses of each of the different kinds of AV cables and the Color coding of the RCA AV cables, I am sure that u will be able to use this information to choose which type of cable is needed more wisely and also be able to wire an RCA AV cable connection without any kind of fuss.

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