Bicuspid Aortic Valve Overview The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) may seem to be a very simple birth defect of the heart. Perhaps this is because it frequently does not require surgical treatment early in life. There is no real way to predict if or when a bicuspid aortic valve will fail due to stenosis and/or aortic insufficiency. A bicuspid aortic valve may develop problems at different stages of life, including infancy. Some BAVs may continue to work well for an entire lifetime, but most will require treatment at some point. The valves of the heart are like one-way doors or gates. They open and close to direct the flow of blood into and out of the heart and between the chambers inside the heart. The aortic valve is the gate between the main pumping chamber of the heart, the left ventricle, and the main artery of the body, the aorta. The aortic valve is able to open and close because it has leaflets (cusps). In a normal aortic valve there are three leaflets, and because of this it is called trileaflet. The word bicuspid is used to describe an aortic valve that is not normal; it has only two cusps or leaflets. The highest pressure in the circulatory system is experienced by the left ventricle, aortic valve, and ascending aorta. When the heart muscle of the left ventricle contracts, the aortic valve leaflets separate, making an opening and allowing blood to flow from the heart into the aorta. When the heart muscle relaxes, the leaflets fold back together, closing the opening so that blood cannot flow back into the heart again. For proper blood flow, it is important for the valve leaflets to open widely and then close tightly. The bicuspid aortic valve may not function as perfectly as a trileaflet valve, but it could open and close well enough to support normal life and activity for some time. As the drawings show, a bicuspid aortic valve generally looks different than a trileaflet aortic valve. However, in reality the malformation can be very subtle and may not be found by routine echocardiography. With time, a bicuspid aortic valve may begin to leak (insufficiency, regurgitation), become narrowed (stenosis), or do both of these. Calcification of the leaflets may occur. It is also prone to bacterial infection, which is called endocarditis. These valve-related complications are the part of bicuspid aortic disease that is most well known. It should be remembered that while the diseased aortic valve is very important, it is only one part of this condition. Repairing or replacing a bicuspid aortic valve addresses the valve issue but not a diseased aorta. Show
 Tricuspid Aortic Valve A closed trileaflet aortic valve and a closed BAV may be difficult to tell apart. BAV is Common It is very likely that you know someone with BAV. It could even exist in your family or extended family without you knowing about it. In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn't close properly, causing blood to flow backward from the body's main artery (aorta) into the lower left heart chamber (left ventricle). Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a condition that occurs when your heart's aortic valve doesn't close tightly. As a result, some of the blood pumped out of your heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle) leaks backward. The leakage may prevent your heart from efficiently pumping blood to the rest of your body. As a result, you may feel fatigued and short of breath. Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over decades. Once aortic valve regurgitation becomes severe, surgery is often required to repair or replace the aortic valve. SymptomsMost often, aortic valve regurgitation develops gradually. You may have no signs or symptoms for years. You may be unaware that you have the condition. However, sometimes aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly, usually as a result of an infection of the valve. As aortic valve regurgitation worsens, signs and symptoms may include:
When to see a doctorContact your doctor right away if you have signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation. Sometimes the first signs of aortic valve regurgitation are related to heart failure. Make an appointment with your doctor if you have fatigue that doesn't get better with rest, shortness of breath, and swollen ankles and feet, which are common symptoms of heart failure. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic CausesClose Chambers and valves of the heartChambers and valves of the heartA typical heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart. The heart valves, which keep blood flowing in the right direction, are gates at the chamber openings. The aortic valve is one of four valves that control blood flow through the heart. It separates the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle) and the main artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to your body (aorta). The valve has flaps (cusps or leaflets) that open and close once during each heartbeat. In aortic valve regurgitation, the valve doesn't close properly, causing blood to leak back into the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle). As a result, the left ventricle holds more blood, possibly causing it to enlarge and thicken. At first, the larger left ventricle helps maintain good blood flow with more force. But eventually these changes weaken the left ventricle — and your heart overall. Aortic valve regurgitation usually occurs gradually, but it can develop suddenly when caused by a valve infection. Any condition that damages the aortic valve can cause regurgitation. However, you can develop aortic valve regurgitation without any known risk factors. Causes of aortic valve regurgitation include:
Risk factorsThings that make you more likely to develop aortic valve regurgitation include:
ComplicationsPossible complications of aortic valve regurgitation include:
PreventionIf you have any type of heart condition, see your doctor regularly so he or she can monitor you. If you have a parent, child, brother or sister with bicuspid aortic valve, you should have an echocardiogram to check for aortic valve regurgitation. Catching aortic valve regurgitation or another heart condition before it develops or in the early stages may make it more easily treatable. Also, take steps to prevent conditions that can raise your risk of aortic valve regurgitation, including:
By Mayo Clinic Staff Aortic valve regurgitation care at Mayo Clinic Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Diagnosis & treatment Aug. 12, 2021 Share on: FacebookTwitter Show references
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AdvertisementMayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. What does it mean aortic valve appears Trileaflet?The aortic valve is the gate between the main pumping chamber of the heart, the left ventricle, and the main artery of the body, the aorta. The aortic valve is able to open and close because it has leaflets (cusps). In a normal aortic valve there are three leaflets, and because of this it is called trileaflet.
Are all aortic valves Trileaflet?The aortic and pulmonic valves are known as the semilunar valves, whereas the tricuspid and mitral valves are referred to as the atrioventricular valves. All the valves are trileaflet, with the exception of the mitral valve, which has 2 leaflets.
What is aortic valve Trileaflet and thickened?Aortic valve sclerosis is defined as calcification and thickening of a trileaflet aortic valve in the absence of obstruction of ventricular outflow. Its frequency increases with age, making it a major geriatric problem. Of adults aged > 65 years, 21-29% exhibit aortic valve sclerosis.
What are the three leaflets of the aortic valve?The aortic valve has also been called the left semilunar valve and the left arterial valve and has three leaflets, or cusps: the left coronary cusp, the right coronary cusp, and the non-coronary cusp.
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What does it mean when the aortic valve is trileaflet
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