What happens when liquid is heated at high temperature?

Answer

Hint:We will start answering this question by knowing a basic idea about liquids. We know that when you heat a liquid, the particles gain more energy and move quicker and faster, expanding the liquid. We will later explain the effects of temperature on this liquid.

Complete answer:
We already learnt that when you heat a liquid, the particles gain more energy and move quicker and faster, expanding the liquid. As the temperature rises, the most energetic particles at the surface of the liquid escape as vapour. As liquids heat up, they evaporate faster, allowing more particles to break off.

Hence when a liquid is heated, it transforms into a gas (or converted into vapour).

Additional information:
To counteract the attraction between them, the particles require energy. As the liquid warms up, more particles have enough energy to escape the liquid. Even particles in the middle of the liquid eventually generate gas bubbles in the liquid. The liquid is now boiling and turning into gas. The particles in the gas are identical to those in the liquid; the difference is that the gas particles have higher energy.

Note:All materials have a certain temperature at which they boil when exposed to normal atmospheric pressure. The temperature at which something starts to boil is known as the "boiling point."Remember that you have to mention both points that it boils as well as converts into a vapour state. Thus phase change takes place when any liquid is heated. You can also give an example of water.

Effects of Temperature and Pressure

Temperature Effects

The effect of temperature and pressure on a liquid can be described in terms of kinetic-molecular theory. The following figure illustrates the molecular behavior of a liquid at a low temperature near its freezing point and at a higher temperature near its boiling point.

Note how temperature effects the motion of the atoms or molecules in a liquid. As the temperature of a solid, liquid or gas increases, the particles move more rapidly. As the temperature falls, the particles slow down.

• If a liquid is cooled sufficiently, it forms a solid.
• If a liquid is heated sufficiently, it forms a gas.

Pressure Effects

• If the pressure above a liquid is increased sufficiently, the liquid forms a solid.
• If the pressure above a liquid is decreased sufficiently, the liquid forms a gas.

A liquid is defined as fluid matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume; it is one of the three states of matter. A liquid has the ability to flow as well as take the shape of a container. At the same time, it resists compression and maintains a fairly constant density. Given that temperature directly affects the kinetic energy of molecules in a liquid, the effects of temperature on liquids can be described in terms of kinetic-molecular theory.

Heat

An increase in the temperature of a liquid causes an increase in the average speed of its molecules. As the temperature of a liquid increases, the molecules move faster thereby increasing the liquid's kinetic energy. Furthermore, the higher the temperature of the liquid, the lower the viscosity since an increase in kinetic energy reduces the forces of intermolecular attraction. Viscosity is the quantity that describes a fluid's resistance to flow. Since kinetic energy is directly proportional to temperature, a liquid that is heated sufficiently forms a gas. This property can be shown in experiments by heating liquids. A Bunsen burner is one of the most commonly used methods of heating liquids in science labs.

Cold

As the temperature of a liquid falls, the speed of its molecules slows down. Since the molecular speed slows down, the kinetic energy reduces as well, thereby increasing intermolecular attraction of the liquid. This attraction in turn makes the fluid more viscous because viscosity is inversely proportional to the temperature of a fluid. Therefore, if a liquid is cooled sufficiently, it will likely crystallize, changing to its solid form. This property can be shown in a simple experiment involving a freezer and different types of liquids.

Temperature

The density of a liquid is affected by change in temperature. Increasing the temperature generally decreases its density and vice versa. During experimentation, with regard to volume, liquids generally expand when heated and contract when cooled. In simpler terms, liquids increase in volume with substantial increase in temperature and decrease in volume with significant decrease in temperature. A notable exception, however, is water that has a temperature between 0 °C and 4 °C.

Transition States

During the experiments, when the liquid’s temperature is altered, the liquid undergoes certain transformations that affect its state of existence. For instance, when a liquid is heated, it will evaporate and change into a gaseous state. The point where a liquid changes into gas is known as its boiling point. When the temperature is lowered to a level where the liquid crystallizes and becomes a solid, the point where it changes its state is known as its freezing point.