What is ‘Parkinson’s disease’?Parkinsonism is an umbrella term used to cover a range of conditions that share similar symptoms to Parkinson's. Show
Some, including healthcare professionals and people living with the condition, will say Parkinson’s disease, or PD for short. We call it Parkinson’s. We don’t use the word ‘disease’ because some people with Parkinson’s have told us it sounds negative, or like an infectious illness. But unlike the flu or measles, you can't catch Parkinson's from someone. We don't yet know exactly why people get Parkinson's. Researchers think it's a combination of age, genetic, and environmental factors that cause the dopamine-producing nerve cells to die. But they agree Parkinson's is not infectious, so we avoid the term ‘disease’. What are the main types of parkinsonism?There are 3 main forms of parkinsonism, as well as other related conditions. Idiopathic Parkinson’sMost people with parkinsonism have idiopathic Parkinson’s, also known as Parkinson’s. Idiopathic means the cause is unknown. The most common symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s are tremor, rigidity and slowness of movement. Vascular parkinsonismVascular parkinsonism (also known as arteriosclerotic parkinsonism) affects people with restricted blood supply to the brain. Sometimes people who have had a mild stroke may develop this form of parkinsonism. Common symptoms include problems with memory, sleep, mood and movement. Drug-induced parkinsonismSome drugs can cause parkinsonism. Neuroleptic drugs (used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders), which block the action of the chemical dopamine in the brain, are thought to be the biggest cause of drug-induced parkinsonism. The symptoms of drug-induced parkinsonism tend to stay the same – only in rare cases do they progress in the way that Parkinson’s symptoms do. Drug-induced parkinsonism only affects a small number of people, and most will recover within months – and often within days or weeks – of stopping the drug that’s causing it. Other types of parkinsonismReal life storiesRead more on our magazine Getting diagnosed with Parkinson's: Daxa's story "Getting a diagnosis wasn’t easy, but I’m learning more every day and gradually adapting to life with Parkinson’s." Daxa shares the 3-year journey she had to receive a Parkinson's diagnosis – and how she's gradually learning to adapt to the challenges. Read more on our magazine Read more on our magazine
Drug-induced parkinsonism: Norma's story "I consider myself a very strong person. I was absolutely determined to get my bipolar in remission and I hope for the same with my drug-induced parkinsonism." Norma has lived with bipolar disorder since she was 26. In 2015 she was told she had Parkinson’s, a diagnosis that was later adjusted to drug-induced parkinsonism. Here, she shares her story. Read more on our magazine Parkinson-Plus syndromes, also known as disorders of multiple system degeneration, is a group of neurodegenerative diseases featuring the classical motor features of Parkinson's disease (tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability) with additional features that distinguish them from simple idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The atypical parkinsonian or Parkinson-Plus syndromes are often difficult to differentiate from PD and each other. They include multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Additional Parkinson-Plus syndromes include Pick's disease and olivopontocerebellar atrophy. The Centre will focus on these Parkinson-Plus syndromes:
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a progressive disease that causes problems with balance, movement, vision, speech, and swallowing. In its early stages, symptoms can resemble those of other neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, Multiple System Atrophy, or depression, and misdiagnosis is common. Some of the main symptoms of PSP include:
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS)Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are caused by degeneration in the cerebral cortex (that affects thinking, sensation, and coordination) and the basal ganglia (causing slow, stiff or jerky movements). Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD) is a degenerative brain disease affecting people from the age of 40 onwards. There are neurological similarities to PSP, but the classical clinical picture is often distinct. Patients diagnosed with CBD may also develop features of PSP and vice versa. Cognitive problems are common in CBD and are often one of the first symptoms, such as apathy, impulsive behaviour, changes in empathy, and language symptoms. Other signs are progressive numbness and loss of use of one hand. There may also be jerking of the fingers, slowness and awkwardness and the feeling of having an ‘alien limb’ – with complex unintentional movements of one limb causing problems with normal motor tasks. Gradually the arm and/or leg on one side is affected and then the arm and/or leg on the other. Multiple Systems Atrophy (MSA)Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) also causes slow movement and stiffness, with additional problems with coordination, bladder, and blood pressure control. It is characterized by tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and postural instability (collectively known as parkinsonism), dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (which regulates bodily functions such as blood pressure, the bladder and bowels), and unsteadiness of walking (ataxia). It can also cause problems with speech and breathing. MSA is caused by progressive degeneration of neurons in several parts of the brain including the substantia nigra, striatum, inferior olivary nucleus, and cerebellum. Is Parkinson plus syndromes different from Parkinson's disease?The symptom that most distinguishes PSP from Parkinson's disease and other neurologic conditions is problems with eye movement that occurs in addition to the body movement problems. Problems with speech and swallowing are more common and become worse in PSP than they do in Parkinson's disease.
What is Parkinson's plus?Parkinson-Plus syndromes, also known as disorders of multiple system degeneration, is a group of neurodegenerative diseases featuring the classical motor features of Parkinson's disease (tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability) with additional features that distinguish them from simple ...
Is Parkinson's plus terminal?Parkinson's disease itself doesn't cause death. However, symptoms related to Parkinson's can be fatal. For example, injuries that occur because of a fall or problems associated with dementia can be fatal. Some people with Parkinson's experience difficulty swallowing.
What are the 4 types of Parkinson's disease?There are 3 main forms of parkinsonism, as well as other related conditions.. Idiopathic Parkinson's.. Vascular parkinsonism.. Drug-induced parkinsonism.. |
What is the difference between parkinsons and parkinsons plus
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