A pangram is a unique sentence in which every letter of the alphabet is used at least once. The name comes from the Greek root words pan, meaning “all,” and gram, meaning “something written or recorded”. Like any good sentence, good examples of pangrams should contain a subject and a predicate, but the real purpose of a pangram goes beyond its meaning alone. Show
Because pangrams contain every letter of the alphabet, they are particularly useful to artists who design fonts, as a pangram allows them to display all available letters in a given typeset. Likewise, they are useful for people to practice their handwriting, whether for a child learning cursive or a calligrapher trying a new pen tip. Often they’re used just for fun wordplay. Pangrams exist in every language, though they may be more or less difficult to construct depending on the language and its unique alphabet. As Mark tweeted today, there used to be a page on Wikipedia listing pangrams in various languages. This was deleted yesterday for the kind of reasons that only Wikipedians have (It is mostly comprised of nonsense phrases thought up by people who apparently find this sort of thing terribly clever). Pangrams are words or sentences containing every letter of the alphabet at least once; the best known English example being A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. As well as containing some rather amusing gems, the pangrams in languages other than English can be occasionally useful for designers of all sorts. For that reason I have resurrected the page of pangrams here, pretty much as it was in Wikipedia. ContentsPerfect pangrams in English (26 letters)[edit]Without abbreviations, acronyms, contractions, initialisms, isolated letters, proper nouns, Roman numerals[edit]
With abbreviations, acronyms, initialisms or proper nouns, all restricted to dictionary words[edit]
With abbreviations, acronyms, contractions, initialisms, isolated letters, proper nouns, Roman Numerals and not restricted to Dictionary Words[edit]
Longer pangrams in English (in order of fewest letters used)[edit]
A few other expressive pangrams(Thanks to Eyad Al-Samman)
English phonetic pangrams[edit]Pangrams which use all the phonemes, or phones, of English (rather than alphabetic characters):
Other languages[edit]Arabic[edit]
أبجد هوز ترتيب الحروف العبرية والعربية من اللغات الساميَّة Azeri[edit]
Breton[edit]
Bulgarian[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Cherokee[edit]
Croatian[edit]
Czech[edit]
Danish[edit]
Dzongkha[edit]
Esperanto[edit]
Estonian[edit]
Finnish[edit]
French[edit]
West Frisian[edit]
German[edit]
Greek[edit]
Hebrew[edit]
Hindi[edit]
Hungarian[edit]
Icelandic[edit]
Igbo[edit]
Indonesian[edit]
Irish[edit]
Italian[edit]Pangrams in Italian normally omit the foreign letters j, k, w, x, and y.
Japanese[edit]Since there are tens of thousands of kanji characters, Japanese pangrams are ones containing all kana.
Javanese[edit]
Klingon[edit]
Korean[edit]
Latin[edit]
Latvian[edit]
Lithuanian[edit]
Lojban[edit]
Macedonian[edit]
Malayalam[edit]
Mapudungun[edit]The Ragileo alphabet doesn’t distinguish some sounds which are mostly used to convey affectionate speech variations, such as s/sh.
Mongolian[edit]
Myanmar[edit]
Norwegian[edit]Since Norwegian orthography does not include c, q, w, x or z, except in foreign borrowings that haven’t been naturalised, the possible pangrams including all the 29 letters of the Norwegian alphabet will require using two or more words with a distinctly foreign spelling.
Polish[edit]Perfect pangrams (each letter exactly once):
Imperfect pangram:
Portuguese[edit]
Romanian[edit]
Russian[edit]
Sanskrit[edit]कः खगौघाङचिच्छौजा झाञ्ज्ञोऽटौठीडडण्ढणः। तथोदधीन् पफर्बाभीर्मयोऽरिल्वाशिषां सहः।। Scottish Gaelic[edit]
Serbian[edit](some also apply to Croatian and Bosnian)
Slovak[edit]
Even in the expansion, c is missing, only occurring as part of the digraph ch, which is a separate letter. Also f g j l q w x as well as accented vowels á ó and unaccented y. Slovenian[edit]
Spanish[edit]
Swedish[edit]
Tagalog[edit]Ang bawat rehistradong kalahok sa patimpalak ay umaasang magantimpalaan ng ñino Thai[edit]
Tibetan[edit]
Turkish[edit]
Ukrainian[edit]
Urdu[edit]
Uyghur[edit]
Uyghur Latin Script: Awu bir jüp xoraz Fransiyening Parizh shehrige yëqin taghqa köchelmidi. Those two roosters were not able to move to the mountain near Paris in France.
Uyghur Latin Script: Zöhregül Abduwajit Fransiyening Parizhdiki xëli bishem oqughuchi. Zöhregül Abduwajit is a quite unpleasant student in Paris, France. Yoruba[edit]
Welsh[edit]
Only letters with diacritical marks and other national specific letters[edit]A variant tries to make a word or phrase containing at least all letters with diacritical marks:
Sample font displays in other languages using pangrams[edit]LanguagePhraseTranslationUses all letters?BulgarianПод южно дърво, цъфтящо в синьо, бягаше малко пухкаво зайче.А little fluffy young rabbit ran under a southern tree blooming in blueYesCzechPříliš žluťoučký kůň úpěl ďábelské ódy.A too yellow horse moaned devil odes.no (but it uses all characters with diacritics)Chinese (Traditional)視野無限廣,窗外有藍天The view is infinitely wide. There is blue sky outside the window.no (such a sentence would be impractical; there are several thousands of Chinese characters.)Chinese (Traditional) (in Windows Vista and Windows 7)微風迎客,軟語伴茶The breeze sees the guest in. Soft voice accompanies the tea.Chinese (Simplified) (in Windows 7 and Windows 8)Innovation in China 中国智造,慧及全球 0123456789Innovation in China benefits the whole world.DanishQuizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen Walther spillede på xylofon.The quiz contestants ate strawberries with cream while Walther the clown was playing the xylophone.YesDutchPa’s wijze lynx bezag vroom het fikse aquaduct.Dad’s wise lynx piously regarded the substantial aqueduct.yes (and not including accents)EsperantoEĥoŝanĝo ĉiuĵaŭde.Change of echo every Thursday.no (but contains all characters specific to Esperanto)EstonianSee väike mölder jõuab rongile hüpataThis small miller is able to jump to trainno (without c, f, q, w, x, y, z, š, ž)FinnishViekas kettu punaturkki laiskan koiran takaa kurkki.The cunning red-coated fox peeped from behind the lazy dog.noFrenchVoix ambiguë d’un cœur qui au zéphyr préfère les jattes de kiwis.Ambiguous voice of a heart which prefers dishes of kiwis in the breeze [used in Windows XP]yes, including diacritics except circumflex and cedillaPortez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume.Bring this old whisky to the blond smoking judge.yes, but no diacriticsGermanZwölf Boxkämpfer jagen Viktor quer über den großen Sylter DeichTwelve boxing fighters drive Viktor over the great Sylt Dikeyes (including umlauts and ß)Franz jagt im komplett verwahrlosten Taxi quer durch Bayern.Franz drives all across Bavaria in a totally run-down taxi.yes (lacking umlauts and ß)GreekΘέλει αρετή και τόλμη η ελευθερία. (Ανδρέας Κάλβος)Liberty requires virtue and mettle. (Andreas Kalvos)noΟ καλύμνιος σφουγγαράς ψιθύρισε πως θα βουτήξει χωρίς να διστάζει.The Calymnian spongeman whispered that he’ll dive without hesitating.yes (not all accented letters included)Hebrewדג סקרן שט לו בים זך אך לפתע פגש חבורה נחמדה שצצה כך.A curious fish sailed a clear sea, and suddenly found nice company that just popped up.yes, but with no distinction between regular and final forms.Hungarian (in Windows)Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógépFlood-resistant mirror drillno (but contains all characters specific to Hungarian)HungarianEgy hűtlen vejét fülöncsípő, dühös mexikói úr Wesselényinél mázol Quitóban.An angry Mexican man, who caught his faithless son-in-law, is painting Wesselényi’s house in Quito.without digraphs, which are considered letters of their ownIndonesianSaya lihat foto Hamengkubuwono XV bersama enam zebra purba cantik yang jatuh dari Al Quranmu.I saw a photo of Hamengkubuwono XV along with six beautiful ancient Zebra which fell from your Al QuranyesItalianMa la volpe, col suo balzo, ha raggiunto il quieto Fido.But the fox, with its jump, reached the calm dogyes (without foreign characters j,k,w,x,y)Japaneseいろはにほへと ちりぬるを わかよたれそ つねならむ うゐのおくやま けふこえて あさきゆめみし ゑひもせすEven the blossoming flowers / Will eventually scatter / Who in this world / is unchanging? / The deep mountains of vanity- / We cross them today / And we shall not see superficial dreams / Nor be deluded. (from Iroha-uta)all non-voiced hiragana except んKorean다람쥐 헌 쳇바퀴에 타고파(I) Wanna ride on the chipmunk’s old hamster wheel. or Because Hamster want to ride on old Hamster wheel…uses all consonants but not all vowelsLatvianSarkanās jūrascūciņas peld pa jūru.Red seapigs swim in the sea.noNorwegian (bokmål)En god stil må først og fremst være klar. Den må være passende. Aristoteles.A good essay must first and foremost be clear. It must be appropriate. Aristotle.noPolishPchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń figPush into this boat a hedgehog or eight boxes of figs.yesPortugueseA rápida raposa castanha salta por cima do cão lento.The quick brown fox jumps over the slow dog.noBrazilian PortugueseA ligeira raposa marrom ataca o cão preguiçoso.The quick brown fox attacks the lazy dog.noZebras caolhas de Java querem passar fax para moças gigantes de New YorkStrabic zebras from Java want to pass a fax to giant girls from New York.yesRomanianAgera vulpe maronie sare peste câinele cel leneş.The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.noRussianСъешь ещё этих мягких французских булок да выпей же чаюEat some more of these soft French buns and drink some tea [used in Windows XP]yesSerbian (Cyrillic alphabet)Чешће цeђење мрeжастим џаком побољшава фертилизацију генских хибрида.More frequent filtering through the reticular bag improves fertilization of genetic hybrids.yesSerbian (Latin alphabet)Češće ceđenje mrežastim džakom poboljšava fertilizaciju genskih hibrida.More frequent filtering through the reticular bag improves fertilization of genetic hybrids.yesSlovakKŕdeľ šťastných ďatľov učí pri ústí Váhu mĺkveho koňa obhrýzať kôru a žrať čerstvé mäso.A flock of happy woodpeckers by the mouth of the river Vah is teaching a silent horse to nibble on bark and feed on fresh meat. (Modified sentence which contains all accents and diacritics.)except unaccented Y, C (as distinct from part of the digraph and separate letter CH), J, unaccented L, and the foreign letters F, G, Ó, Q, W, XSloveneV kožuščku hudobnega fanta stopiclja mizar in kliče 0619872345.A cabinetmaker steps lightly through a malicious boy fur coat and calls 0619872345.yesSpanishEl veloz murciélago hindú comía feliz cardillo y kiwi. La cigüeña tocaba el saxofón detrás del palenque de paja.The quick Hindu bat was happily eating thistle and kiwi. The stork played the saxophone behind the straw palisade.yesSwedishFlygande bäckasiner söka hwila på mjuka tuvorFlying snipes soon look to rest on soft grass beds (with obsolete Swedish spelling and grammar)except Q, X and ZThaiเป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะ ๆ จ๋า ๆ น่าฟังเอยฯBeing a man is worthy Beyond senseless animal Begin educate thyself Begone from killing and trouble Bear not thy grudge, damn and, curse Bestow forgiving and sporting Befit with rules Benign speech speak thou except ฦTurkishPijamalı hasta, yağız şoföre çabucak güvendiPatient with pajamas, trusted swarthy driver quicklyWithout the circumflex diacritic and the foreign characters Q, W, and XUyghurزۆھرەگۈل ئابدۇۋاجىت فرانسىيەنىڭ پارىژدىكى خېلى بىشەم ئوقۇغۇچى.Those two roosters were not able to move to the mountain near Paris in France.yesئاۋۇ بىر جۈپ خوراز فرانسىيەنىڭ پارىژ شەھرىگە يېقىن تاغقا كۆچەلمىدى.Zöhregül Abduwajit is a quite unpleasant student in Paris, France.yesPerfect pangrams from restricted sets[edit]Chemical element symbols[edit]It is not possible to make a perfect pangram out of current chemical element symbols, but it is possible using two disused ones. Unq, for unnilquadium, now known as rutherfordium, Rf, is in every pangram, as it is only one of two chemical symbols with a Q. The two Us in Uuq (ununquadium, now known as flerovium, Fl) prevent its use. The other letter necessitating disused symbols is J; the available symbols are J (for iodine, I), Jg (for argonium/hafnium, Hf), or Jo (for joliotium/dubnium, Db). Here is one of many possibilities using Jo:
Country codes[edit]All countries have a two letter ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code. Here is an example of a pangram using these:
Self-enumerating pangrams[edit]A self-enumerating pangram, or a pangrammic autogram, is a pangram which describes the number of letters it itself contains. The first such sentences were constructed in 1984 by Rudy Kousbroek and Lee Sallows. Initial letter pangrams[edit]An initial letter pangram is a sentence in which all the letters of the alphabet occur as first letter of each word – preferably in alphabetical order. Thus a sentence will count 26 words. Some examples in Dutch:
A three-sentence example in English, containing three consecutive initial letter pangram sentences which alternate in descending, ascending, descending order:
See also[edit]Look up pangram in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
References[edit]
External links[edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Typeface pangram samples.
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