Music boxes have been a collector’s item for generations. If you’ve been wondering how these little music players came about, we break down the history of the music box right
here for you. Before cellphones, telephones, and even clocks with dials existed, large bells were used to tell time and alarm people. And it was these very bells that would influence two German inventors to place small bells and tiny hammers into a watch to create the first automatic musical clock. It was this design that would lead to the first audio instrument that people could listen to in their homes –
the music box. The first music box is believed to have been invented in Switzerland in the 1770s by placing small musical movements into watch cases. These were cylinder style music boxes that used a small tuned-steel comb that played pins set in a cylinder. By the 1800s the music boxes had shrunk noticeably in size and many new developments started to take place that improved the look of the case and added more teeth to
produce greater sound. Then in 1885, German native Paul Lochmann introduced the very first circular disc music box, known as the Symphonion. The disc revolved and was struck with goose quills to produce beautiful sounds. Modern production methods eventually lowered prices and simplified the manufacturing process, allowing the boxes to be sold at reasonable prices making them even more accessible. Then one day it
all came crashing down, thanks to a famous inventor by the name of Thomas Edison. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, the earliest record player that soon replaced the music box in popularity. Major players in the music box industry did everything they could to compete, including creating an automatic disc changing machine. However, Edison continued to improve his design, eventually eroding away the
interest in the music box and paving the way for wax records. Although the record player overtook the music box in popularity, these small boxes remained extremely popular among collectors throughout the ages. And here at Frankenmuth Clock Company, you can find some of the most beautiful music box designs to enjoy in your own
home. Get hand-painted designs and popular songs with one of our custom music boxes. Shop online or visit our store today! Back to News  Polyphon metal disk (1890) A music box (American English) or musical box (British English) is an automatic musical instrument in a box that produces musical notes by using a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder or disc to pluck the tuned teeth (or lamellae) of a steel comb. The popular device best known today as a "music box" developed from musical snuff boxes of the 18th century and were originally called carillons à musique (French for "chimes of music"). Some of the more complex boxes also contain a tiny drum and/or bells in addition to the metal comb. History[edit]Typical table music box, with six interchangeable cylinders The Symphonium company started business in 1885 as the first manufacturers of disc-playing music boxes. Two of the founders of the company, Gustave Brachhausen and Paul Riessner, left to set up a new firm, Polyphon, in direct competition with their original business and their third partner, Oscar Paul Lochmann. Following the establishment of the Original Musikwerke Paul Lochmann in 1900, the founding Symphonion business continued until 1909.[1] According to the Victoria Museums in Australia, "The Symphonion is notable for the enormous diversity of types, styles, and models produced... No other disc-playing musical box exists in so many varieties. The company also pioneered the use of electric motors... the first model fitted with an electric motor being advertised in 1900. The company moved into the piano-orchestrion business and made both disc-operated and barrel-playing models, player-pianos, and phonographs."[1] Meanwhile, Polyphon expanded to America, where Brachhausen established the Regina Company. Regina was a spectacular success. It eventually reinvented itself as a maker of vacuums and steam cleaners.[citation needed] In the heyday of the music box, some variations were as tall as a grandfather clock and all used interchangeable large disks to play different sets of tunes. These were spring-wound and driven and both had a bell-like sound. The machines were often made in England, Italy, and the US, with additional disks made in Switzerland, Austria, and Prussia. Early "juke-box" pay versions of them existed in public places. Marsh's free Museum and curio shop in Long Beach, Washington (US) has several still-working versions of them on public display. The Musical Museum, Brentford, London has a number of machines.[2] The Morris Museum in Morristown, New Jersey, USA has a notable collection, including interactive exhibits. In addition to video and audio footage of each piece, the actual instruments are demonstrated for the public daily on a rotational basis.[3] Timeline[edit]9th century: In Baghdad, the Banū Mūsā brothers, a trio of Persian inventors, produced "the earliest known mechanical musical instrument", in this case a hydropowered organ which played interchangeable cylinders automatically, which they described in their Book of Ingenious Devices. According to Charles B. Fowler, this "cylinder with raised pins on the surface remained the basic device to produce and reproduce music mechanically until the second half of the nineteenth century."[4] Early 13th century: In Flanders, an ingenious bell ringer invents a cylinder with pins which operates cams, which then hit the bells.[4] 1598: Flemish clockmaker Nicholas Vallin produces a wall-mounted clock which has a pinned barrel playing on multiple tuned bells mounted in the superstructure. The barrel can be programmed, as the pins can be separately placed in the holes provided on the surface of the barrel.[5] 1665: Ahasuerus Fromanteel in London makes a table clock which has quarter striking and musical work on multiple bells operated by a pinned barrel. These barrels can be changed for those playing different tunes.[6] 1772: A watch is made by one Ransonet at Nancy, France which has a pinned drum playing music not on bells but on tuned steel prongs arranged vertically.[7] 1796: Antoine Favre-Salomon, a clockmaker from Geneva replaces the stack of bells by a comb with multiple pre-tuned metallic notes in order to reduce space. Together with a horizontally placed pinned barrel, this produces more varied and complex sounds. One of these first music boxes is now displayed at the Shanghai Gallery of Antique Music Boxes and Automata in Pudong's Oriental Art Center.[8] 1877: Thomas Edison invents the phonograph, which has important consequences for the musical-box industry, especially around the end of the century.[9][10] Pocket watch with musical movements Muro Box, the first app-controlled music box. In March 2016, the band Wintergatan released a video of their homemade Marble Machine which took 14 months to make and played in any key using a 3,000-piece wooden construction fueled by 2,000 marbles. Band member Martin Molin used a hand crank to mobilize the marbles, which then created various noises on a vibraphone and other installed musical elements.[11] In 2019, Tevofy Technology Ltd., based in Taiwan, released the first app-controlled mechanical music box called the Muro Box, an abbreviation of "Music Robot in a Box". Unlike traditional music boxes, people do not need to punch holes to compose songs on a paper-strip music box, and there is no minimum order for making customized music box movement to play a selected song.[12] Repertoire[edit]In 1974–1975, German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen composed Tierkreis, a set of twelve pieces on the signs of the zodiac, for twelve music boxes.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] See also[edit]
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]
Audio of historical music boxes[edit]
Who created the music box?1796: Antoine Favre-Salomon, a clock maker from Genève, Switzerland, patented the first cylinder musical box that utilizes a metal comb with tuned teeth to produce the music.
When was the music box built?Opened in 1921, the Music Box Theatre was designed by C. Howard Crane in a Palladian-inspired style and was constructed for Irving Berlin and Sam H. Harris.
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Music Box Theatre.. Why was the music box invented?The theory was that if large hammers driven by the tower clock could strike the bells, why could tiny hammers not strike small bells in a watch. The idea was picked up by two German inventors, Hasler and Heinlein, who presented Emperor Rudolf II with the first truly automatic musical clock in 1601.
What country is known for music boxes?But one system invented some 200 years ago lives on. In the mountains of western Switzerland, one company still makes automatic music boxes for enthusiasts around the world. Reuge is considered the last major manufacturer of a traditional device that once rivalled watches as one of Switzerland's greatest exports.
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Where was the music box made?
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