Which type of biological etiological hazard spreads mostly through the bite of infected arthropods?

Q: What influences how a container will behave when damaged or ruptured?

A materials physical and chemical properties also influence how a container will behave if it is damaged or ruptured. First responders need to know how to collect hazard and response data that provide information about the substances physical and chemical prop- erties.

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Which of the following are classes of hazards?
Which type of radiation can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing?
Which mechanism of harm is the greatest threat at hazmat incidents?
What influences how a container will behave when damaged or ruptured?

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Chapter 4

Question	Answer
1. Which of the following statements about a hazardous materials state of matter is MOST accurate? (137) A. In general, liquids have the greatest mobility. B. A gas may change to a liquid if the temperature increases. C. The ERG provides isolation distances only for materials in gaseous form. D. The behavior of different states of matter can determine what exposures are affected.	D. The behavior of different states of matter can determine what exposures are affected.
2. Incidents involving _____ are potentially the most dangerous for emergency responders. (140) A. solids B. gases C. liquids D. frozen substances	B. gases
3. Which of the following statements about gases is MOST accurate? (140) A. Gases do not present a breathing/inhalation hazard. B. It is quite easy to contain gases for mitigation purposes. C. It is easiest and safest to detect gases by sense of smell. D. Gases have an undefined shape and keep expanding if uncontained.	D. Gases have an undefined shape and keep expanding if uncontained.
4. What BEST describes compressed gas? (140) A. Gas that has expanded upon release and escaped mitigation B. Confined gas that at normal temperatures exists in both liquid and gaseous states C. Any gas that is kept at pressures and/or temperatures higher than ambient conditions D. Gas that, at normal temperature, exists solely as a gas when pressurized in a container	B. Confined gas that at normal temperatures exists in both liquid and gaseous states
5. The conversion of a liquid to vapor: (142) A. makes it easier to detect. B. makes it easier to contain. C. increases the material’s mobility. D. decreases the material’s mobility.	C. increases the material’s mobility.
6. Which of the following statements about solids is MOST accurate? (143) A. The process of sublimation is rapid and violent. B. The particle size of solids may influence their behavior. C. Solids tend to be very mobile unless acted upon by exterior forces. D. Unlike liquids and vaporous liquids, solids do not have inhalation hazards.	B. The particle size of solids may influence their behavior.
7. What is the unit most typically used to express particle size? (144) A. Bar B. Inch C. Micron D. Centimeter	C. Micron
8. Sublimation occurs when a material transitions directly from a: (144) A. solid to a gas. B. gas to a solid. C. gas to a liquid. D. solid to a liquid.	A. solid to a gas.
9. What is the pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container? (145) A. Vapor density B. Specific gravity C. Vapor pressure D. Solubility/miscibility	C. Vapor pressure
10. Materials with a vapor pressure over _____ mmHg will be gases under normal conditions. (145) A. 7 B. 76 C. 760 D. 7600	C. 760
11. Liquid changes to a gas at the _____ point. (146) A. flash B. boiling C. freezing D. sublimation	B. boiling
12. A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is caused by: (147) A. sublimation of a boiling liquid. B. application of a pressure stream. C. a heated liquid or gas expanding. D. inadequate internal vessel pressure.	C. a heated liquid or gas expanding.
13. Gases with a vapor density of _____ will rise quickly and spread to awide geographical area. (148) A. one B. less than one C. more than one D. one through five	B. less than one
14. Where are you MOST likely to find gases or vapors with vapor density greater than one? (149) A. Attics B. Trenches C. Near the ceiling D. Flat open spaces	B. Trenches
15. Partially water-soluble chemicals will penetrate into the lower respiratory system and cause: (149) A. sudden gastrointestinal distress. B. itching, scratching, and bloody skin lesions. C. immediate symptoms such as coughing and throat irritations. D. delayed symptoms that include pulmonary edema and coughing up blood.	D. delayed symptoms that include pulmonary edema and coughing up blood.
16. Most flammable liquids will float on water because they have: (151) A. high solubility. B. high miscibility. C. specific gravities less than one. D. specific gravities greater than one.	C. specific gravities less than one.
17. Viscosity determines the ease with which a product will flow and is greatly affected by: (152) A. sublimation. B. temperature. C. specific gravity. D. appearance and odor.	B. temperature.
18. The concentration (in air) at which the “average person” can smell a particular compound is the: (154) A. solubility. B. vapor density. C. odor threshold. D. vapor pressure.	C. odor threshold.
19. The way a substance behaves and interacts at the molecular level are: (154) A. physical properties. B. chemical properties. C. biological properties. D. radiologic properties.	B. chemical properties.
20. Flash point, autoignition temperature, and flammable range are properties related to a material’s: (154) A. reactivity. B. corrosivity. C. flammability. D. radioactivity.	C. flammability.
21. The temperature at which a liquid or volatile substance gives off enough vapors to support continuous burning is its: (154) A. fire point. B. flash point. C. flammable range. D. autoignition temperature.	A. fire point.
22. Flammable gases have: (154) A. no flash point. B. higher fire points. C. very low flash points. D. no autoignition temperature.	C. very low flash points.
23. The lowest concentration (or lowest percentage of the substance in the air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source is present is the: (156) A. LLL (lower liability limit). B. LFL (lower flammable limit). C. UEL (upper explosive limit). D. UFL (upper flammable limit).	B. LFL (lower flammable limit).
24. A fuel that has moved beyond its upper flammable limit will: (156) A. be too rich to burn. B. flash if exposed to an ignition source. C. immediately reach its autoignition temperature. D. reach the correct ratio of fuel to oxygen to sustain combustion.	A. be too rich to burn.
25. The chemical property used to describe substances that destroy living tissue is: (157) A. reactivity. B. corrosivity. C. flammability. D. radioactivity.	B. corrosivity.
26. What type of materials break down fatty skin tissues and can penetrate deeply into the body? (157) A. Acids B. Bases C. Gases D. Vapors	B. Bases
27. The reactivity triangle has three components: an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and a(an): (159) A. solubility. B. flash point. C. reactivity point. D. activation energy.	D. activation energy.
28. The reducing agent in the fire tetrahedron acts as the _____ source for the reaction. (159) A. fuel B. oxygen C. activation D. autoignition	A. fuel
29. What will increase the rate of polymerization and decrease the activation energy necessary for further polymerization? (161) A. Fuel B. Catalyst C. Inhibitor D. Contamination	C. Inhibitor
30. The most energetic and hazardous forms of radiation are: (163) A. ionizing. B. nonionizing. C. visible light. D. electromagnetic.	A. ionizing.
31. Which type of radiation can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing, a thin sheet of metal, or a thick Plexiglass? (165) A. Alpha B. Beta C. Gamma D. Neutron	B. Beta
32. Which type of ionizing radiation consists of high-energy photons? (165) A. Alpha B. Beta C. Gamma D. Neutron	C. Gamma
33. Which of the following statements about radiation is MOST accurate? (166) A. Exposure to radiation will make a person radioactive. B. Exposure to any amount of radiation will cause radiation sickness. C. Radioactive contamination occurs when radiation passes through people or things. D. Damage is often described in terms of dosage, indicating the amount of energy absorbed by matter.	D. Damage is often described in terms of dosage, indicating the amount of energy absorbed by matter.
34. The damaging effects of ionizing radiation occur at the _____ level. (167) A. organ B. cellular C. external D. environmental	B. cellular
35. Which of the following statements about radiation dose is MOST accurate? (167) A. Lethal doses of radiation are commonly encountered. B. Exposure to radiation received in a short period of time is a chronic dose. C. Small amounts of radiation received over a long period of time is a chronic dose. D. The body is better equipped to handle an acute dose of radiation than a chronic dose.	C. Small amounts of radiation received over a long period of time is a chronic dose.
36. The ALARA principle uses time, distance, and _____ to limit exposure to radiation. (170) A. shielding B. cold zones C. two in/two out D. decontamination	A. shielding
37. Asphyxiants, irritants, convulsants, and carcinogens are types of: (172-173) A. toxics. B. radiation. C. polymers. D. corrosives.	A. toxics.
38. Which type of biological/etiological hazard spreads mostly through the bite of infected arthropods? (176) A. Viruses B. Bacteria C. Rickettsias D. Biological toxins	C. Rickettsias
39. Most diseases are spread via contact with: (177) A. toxicity. B. rickettsias. C. body fluids. D. radioactive substances.	C. body fluids.
40. Which class of hazards is characterized by thermal and mechanical hazards in the form of blast pressure waves, shrapnel and fragmentation, and incendiary thermal effects? (179-181) A. Class 1 B. Class 2 C. Class 3 D. Class 4	A. Class 1 (explosives)
41. Cryogens and their accompanying cold hazards belong to which hazard class? (182) A. 1.2 B. 2.1 C. 2.2 D. 3.2	C. 2.2
42. Most hazmat incidents, such as gasoline and diesel fuel spills, involve which type of hazard class? (183) A. Class 3 B. Class 4 C. Class 5 D. Class 6	A. Class 3 (flammable liquids)
43. In addition to burning, all flammable and combustible liquids exhibit varying degrees of: (183) A. toxicity. B. infectivity. C. corrosivity. D. fragmentation.	A. toxicity.
44. “Spontaneously Combustible Materials” and “Dangerous When Wet” are divisions of which hazard class? (186) A. Class 3 B. Class 4 C. Class 5 D. Class 6	B. Class 4
45. Which statement about oxidizers is MOST accurate? (189) A. They cannot burn without air being present. B. They vigorously support combustion and may be explosive. C. They may produce hydrogen gas when in contact with metal. D. Although they support combustion, they are not an explosive hazard.	B. They vigorously support combustion and may be explosive.
46. Organic peroxides are both an oxidizer and a fuel, making them very: (189) A. stable. B. reactive. C. corrosive. D. radioactive.	B. reactive
47. Poisonous materials are known to be _____ to humans. (192) A. toxic B. corrosive C. infectious D. not dangerous	A. toxic
48. Biohazards such as infectious substances are part of which hazardous class? (192) A. Class 3 B. Class 4 C. Class 5 D. Class 6	D. Class 6
49. Class 7 placards may come in white or yellow, and they bear the unique trefoil symbol for: (194) A. radiation. B. explosives. C. infectious diseases or biohazards. D. oxidizing substances or organic peroxides.	A. radiation.
50. Class 8 hazards are either a liquid or solid that cause full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact because they are: (196) A. toxic. B. explosive. C. corrosive. D. radioactive.	C. corrosive.
51. Miscellaneous hazardous materials such as elevated temperature material or marine pollutants go in what Hazard Class? (198) A. Class 6 B. Class 7 C. Class 8 D. Class 9	D. Class 9
52. Which statement about gathering information during a hazmat incident is MOST accurate? (199) A. Shipping papers are the last resort in a hazmat incident. B. First responders should use a variety of sources to gather information. C. The ERG should contain all the information that a first responder needs. D. At a highway incident, the driver of the vehicle will have the most up-to-date information.	B. First responders should use a variety of sources to gather information.
53. Overhead power lines, highway traffic, and rail lines are examples of: (200) A. unavoidable risks. B. variables to eliminate. C. potential site hazards. D. potential ignition sources.	C. potential site hazards.
54. Static electricity, internal combustion engines, and heated surfaces are examples of: (200) A. unavoidable risks. B. variables to eliminate. C. potential site hazards. D. potential ignition sources.	D. potential ignition sources.
55. When is topography a factor in hazmat incidents? (203) A. In both rural and developed environments B. Only if there are very tall buildings nearby C. Topography is not a factor in hazmat incidents D. Only if the incident is near a state or federal park or preserve	A. In both rural and developed environments
56. Which service will an emergency response center provide for first responders? (204) A. Establish a command structure. B. Notify local emergency services. C. Deploy the shipper or manufacturer to the site. D. Provide immediate technical assistance to the caller.	D. Provide immediate technical assistance to the caller.

Which of the following are classes of hazards?

A visor card guide for state and local law enforcement officials illustrating vehicle placarding and signage for the following nine classes of hazardous materials: 1) Explosives, 2) Gases, 3) Flammable Liquid and Combustible Liquid, 4) Flammable Solid, Spontanaeously Combustible and Dangerous When Wet 5) Oxidizer and ...

Which type of radiation can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing?

Beta particles travel appreciable distances in air, but can be reduced or stopped by a layer of clothing, thin sheet of plastic or a thin sheet of aluminum foil. Several feet of concrete or a thin sheet of a few inches of lead may be required to stop the more energetic gamma rays.

Which mechanism of harm is the greatest threat at hazmat incidents?

Hazardous materials can harm you in three ways. Energy release at hazmat incidents presents the greatest threat. Heat (thermal) hazards are common at hazmat incidents. Heat and lack of heat can both cause harm.

What influences how a container will behave when damaged or ruptured?

A material's physical and chemical properties also influence how a container will behave if it is damaged or ruptured. First responders need to know how to collect hazard and response data that provide information about the substance's physical and chemical prop- erties.

Which type of biological etiological hazard spreads mostly through the bite of infected arthropods?