Treating locals as equal partners when developing a global hr system will minimize resistance.

  • Allen, T. D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 414–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, T. D., Shockley, K. M., & Biga, A. (2010). Work and family in a global context. In K. Lundby & J. Jolton (Eds.), Going global: Practical applications and recommendations for HR and OD professionals in the global workplace (pp. 377–401). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashcraft, K. (2000). Empowering professional relationships: Organizational communication meets feminist practice. Management Communication Quarterly, 13, 347–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardoel, E. A. (2016). Work-life management tensions in multinational enterprises (MNEs). International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27, 1681–1709.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardoel, E. A., & De Cieri, H. (2006). Developing a work/life strategy in a multinational enterprise (MNE). A Sloan work and family encyclopedia entry, Sloan Work and Family Research Network. Retrieved March 7, 2011, http://wfnetwork.bc.edu/encyclopedia_entry.php?id=3814&area=All.

  • Bardoel, E. A., & Grigg, K. (2010). Work life issues: An Asia Pacific focus. In J. Connell & S. Teo (Eds.), Strategic HRM: Contemporary issues in the Asia Pacific region (pp. 185–206). Prahran, VIC: Tilde University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batt, R., & Valcour, P. M. (2003). Human resources practices as predictors of work-family outcomes and employee turnover. Industrial Relations, 42(2), 189–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, S. M., Robinson, J. P., & Milkie, M. A. (2006). Changing rhythms of American family life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewster, C., Sparrow, P., & Harris, H. (2005). Towards a new model of globalizing HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 949–970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budhwar, P. (2000). Strategic integration and devolvement of human resource management in the UK manufacturing sector. British Journal of Management, 11, 285–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budig, M. J., Misra, J., & Boeckmann, I. (2012). The motherhood penalty in cross-national perspective: The importance of work-family policies and cultural attitudes. Social Policy, 19, 163–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, V. (2012). Work-life balance: Eastern and Western perspectives. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23, 1040–1056.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H., Frank, M., & Wu, O. (2005). What actually happened to the inventories of American companies between 1981 and 2000? Management Science, 51, 1014–1031.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H., Frank, M., & Wu, O. (2007). U.S. retail and wholesale inventory performance from 1981 to 2004. Management and Service Operations Management, 9, 430–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Childs, J. T., Jr. (2005). Workforce diversity: A global HR topic that has arrived. In M. Losey, S. Meisinger, & D. Ulrich (Eds.), The future of human resource management (pp. 110–118). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coca-Cola (2019). HIV/AIDS. https://www.coca-colacompany.com/our-company/hiv-aids Accessed March 5, 2019.

  • Craig, L., & Mullan, K. (2011). How mothers and fathers share childcare: A cross-national time-use comparison. American Sociological Review, 76, 834–861.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crain, T., Hammer, L., Bodner, T., Kossek, E., Moen, P., Lilienthal, R., Buxton, O. (2014). Work-family conflict, family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), and sleep outcomes. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19, 155–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currie, G., & Procter, S. (2001). Exploring the relationship between HR and middle managers. Human Resource Management Journal, 11, 53–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dallimore, E. J., & Mickel, A. E. (2006). Quality of life: Obstacles, advice, and employer assistance. Human Relations, 59, 61–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cieri, H., & Bardoel, E. A. (2009). What does ‘work-life management’ mean in China and Southeast Asia for MNCs? Community, Work & Family, 12, 179–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cieri, H., & Bardoel, E. A. (2011). Global work-life management in multinational corporations. In A.-W. Harzing & A. Pinnington (Eds.), International human resource management (3rd ed., Chapter 16, pp. 538–557). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cieri, H. L., & Bardoel, E. A. (2015). A framework for work-life management in multinational corporations. In L. Makela & V. Suutari (Eds.), Work and family interface in the international career context (pp. 197–217). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowling, D. C. (2009). English is not a multinational company’s exclusive language. Labor & Employment Law, 37, 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, T., & Kuruvilla, S. (2005). International HRM: National business systems, organizational politics and the international division of labour in MNCs. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsyth, S., & Polzer-Debruyne, A. (2007). The organisational pay-offs for perceived work–life balance support. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 45(1), 113–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grandey, A. A., Cordeiro, B. L., & Crouter, A. C. (2005). A longitudinal and multi-source test of the work-family conflict and job satisfaction relationship. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grzywacz, J. G., Carlson, D. S., & Shulkin, S. (2008). Schedule flexibility and stress: Linking formal flexible arrangements and perceived flexibility to employee health. Community, Work & Family, 11(2), 199–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, L. B., Kossek, E., Yragui, N., Bodner, T., & Hanson, G. (2009). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Journal of Management, 35, 837–857.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrington, B. (2007). The work-life evolution study. Boston: Boston College Center for Work & Family.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hausman, W. H., Lee, H. L., & Subramaniam, U. (2005). Global logistics indicators, supply chain metrics and bilateral trade patterns (Policy Research Working Paper 3773). Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hein, C. (2005). Reconciling work and family responsibilities: Practical ideas from global experience. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymann, J. (2006). Forgotten families. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymann, J., & Earle, A. (2009). Raising the global floor. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymann, J., Earle, A., & Hayes, J. (2009). The work, family, and equity index: How does the U.S. measure up? Toronto CA: McGill University Project on Global Working Families.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holton, J. A. (2008). Grounded theory as a general research methodology. The Grounded Theory Review, 8, 37–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • HRC. Human Rights Coalition. (2019). Corporate equality index 2018. Washington, DC: HRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonsen, K., Point, S., Kelan, E.K., & Grieble, A. (2019). Diversity and inclusion branding: A five-country comparison of corporate websites. International Journal of Human Resources Management (online first). https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1496125.

  • Kossek, E. E., & Friede, A. (2006). The business case: Managerial perspectives on work and the family. In M. Pitt-Catsouphes, E. E. Kossek, & S. Sweet (Eds.), The work and family handbook: Multi-disciplinary perspectives and approaches (pp. 611–626). New Jersey, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, S. J. (2000). Added benefits: The link between work-life benefits and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 801–815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. (2000). Exploring paradox: Toward a more comprehensive guide. The Academy of Management Review, 25, 760–776.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, S., & Beauregard, T. A. (2015). The meanings of work-life balance: A cultural perspective. In L. Makela & V. Suutari (Eds.), Work and family interface in the international career context (pp. 720–732). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, S., Gambles, R., & Rapoport, R. (2007). The constraints of a ‘work-life balance’ approach: An international perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18, 360–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, L. L. (2002). Female labour-force participation. Population Bulletin, no.s 48–49, 195–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lobel, S., & Faught, L. (1996). Four methods for proving value of work/life initiatives. Compensation and Benefits Review, 28, 50–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Losoncz, I., & Graham, B. (2010). Work-life tension and its impact on the workforce participation of Australian mothers. Australian Social Policy Journal, 9, 139–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucio, M. M. (2008). The organization of human resource strategies: Narratives and power in understanding labour management in a context of change. In S. R. Clegg & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The Sage handbook of organizational behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 323–355). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luiz, J., & Spicer, D. (2019). Global configurations in multinational enterprises, duality, and the challenge of LGBT inclusivity in unsympathetic host countries within Africa. International Journal of Human Resource Management. 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1583268.

  • Martin, G., Gollan, P. J., & Grigg, K. (2011). Is there a bigger and better future for employer branding? Facing up to innovation, corporate reputations and wicked problems in SHRM. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 3618–3637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masi, D. A., & Jacobson, J. M. (2003). Outcome measurements of an integrated employee assistance and work-life program. Research on Social Work Practice, 13, 451–467.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCampbell, A. S. (1996). Benefits achieved through alternative work schedules. Human Resource Planning, 19(3), 31–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, A., Darcy, C., & Grady, G. (2010). Work-life balance policy and practice: Understanding line manager attitudes and behaviors. Human Resource Management Review, 20, 158–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milliken, F. J., Martins, L. L., & Morgan, H. (1998). Explaining organizational responsiveness to work-family issues: The role of human resource executives as issue interpreters. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 580–592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moen, P., & Roehling, P. (2005). The career mystique. New York: Rowman Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, S. S., Wright, P. M., Trevor, J., Stiles, P., Stahl, G. K., Snell, S. A., … Farndale, E. (2009). Global challenges to replicating HR: The role of people, processes, and systems. Human Resource Management, 48, 973–995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, E. W. (2011). Voice and silence within organizations: Literature review and directions for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 5, 373–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muse, L. (2008, August). Work family conflict, performance and turnover intent: What kind of support helps? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management Meeting, Anaheim.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muse, L., Harris, S. G., Giles, W. F., & Field, H. S. (2008). Work-life benefits and positive organizational behaviour: Is there a connection? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 171–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2009). Organizational work-life initiatives: Context matters. Community, Work and Family, 12, 159–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, M. S., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1989). Using paradox to build management and organization theories. Academy of Management Review, 14, 562–578.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poster, W. R., & Prasad, S. (2005). Work-family relations in transnational perspective: A view from high-tech firms in India and the United States. Social Problems, 52, 122–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, G. N., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2006). Managing incidents of work- family conflict: A decision-making perspective. Human Relations, 59, 1179–1212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Procon.org. (n.d.). Gay marriage timeline. Retrieved November 24, 2014, http://gaymarriage.procon.org/view.timeline.php?timelineID=000030.

  • Rajagopalan, S., & Malhotra, A. (2001). Have U.S. manufacturing inventories really decreased? An empirical study. Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, 3, 14–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapoport, R., Bailyn, L., Fletcher, J. K., & Pruitt, B. H. (2002). Beyond work-family balance: Advancing gender equity and workplace performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoads, S. E., & Rhoads, C. H. (2012). Gender roles and infant/toddler care: Male and female professors on the tenure track. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 6, 13–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richman, A. L., Civian, J. T., Shannon, L. L., Hill, J. E., & Brennan, R. T. (2008). The relationship of perceived flexibility, supportive work-life policies, and use of formal flexible arrangements and occasional flexibility to employee engagement and expected retention. Community, Work & Family, 11, 183–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozenweig, P. M. (2006). The dual logics behind international human resource management: pressures for global integration and local responsiveness. In G. Stahl & I. Björkman (Eds.), Handbook of research in international human resource management (pp. 36–48). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozenweig, P. M., & Nohria, N. (1984). Influences on human resource management in multi-national firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 25, 229–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, A. M., & Kossek, E. E. (2008). Work-life policy implementation: Breaking down or creating barriers to inclusiveness? Human Resource Management, 42, 295–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabattini, L., & Carter, N. M. (2012). Expanding work-life perspectives: Talent management in Asia. New York: Catalyst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Vidal, M. E., Cegarra-Leiva, D., & Cegarra-Navarro, J. G. (2012). Gaps between managers’ and employees’ perceptions of work-life balance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23, 645–661.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholarios, D., & Marks, A. (2004). Work-life balance and the software worker. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(2), 54–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scullion, H., Collings, D. G., & Gunnigle, P. (2007). International human resource management in the 21st century: emerging themes and contemporary debates. Human Resource Management Journal, 17, 309–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, A., & Noble, K. (2001). A work/life lens helps bring a global workforce into focus. It’s About Time, 2, 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smeaton, D., Ray, K., & Knight, G. (2014). Costs and benefits to business of adopting work life balance working practices: A literature review. UK: Department for Business and Innovation Skills (gov.uk).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stohl, C., & Cheney, G. (2001). Participatory practices/paradoxical practices: Communication and the dilemmas of organizational democracy. Management Communication Quarterly, 14, 349–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumelius, J., Björkman, I., & Smale, A. (2008). The influence of internal and external social networks on HRM capabilities in MNC subsidiaries in China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(12), 2294–2310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, L. T., & Ganster, D. C. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 6–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, S. J. (2004). Dialectic, contradiction, or double bind? Analyzing and theorizing employee reactions to organizational tension. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 32, 119–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, S. J., & Trethewey, A. (2005). Fracturing the real-self↔fake-self dichotomy: Moving toward “chrystallized” organizational discourses and identities. Communication Theory, 15(2), 168–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trethewey, A., & Ashcraft, K. L. (2004). Special issue introduction. Practicing disorganization: The development of applied perspectives on living with tension. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 32, 8–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2019). World investment report 2019: Special economic zones. New York, NY: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Born, F., & Peltokorpi, V. (2010). Language policies and communication in multinational companies: Alignment with strategic orientation and human resource management practices. Journal of Business Communication, 47(2), 97–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Glinow, M. A., Drost, E., & Teagarden, M. B. (2002). Converging on IHRM best practices: lessons learned from a globally distributed consortium on theory and practice. Human Resource Management, 41, 123–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, M. A., & Bardoel, E. A. (2006). Work-family policies in the context of higher education: Useful or symbolic? Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 44, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. (1999). Unbending gender. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wise, S. (2005). The right to time off for dependents. Employee Relations, 27, 126–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, S. J., & De Menezes, L. M. (2010). Family-friendly management, organizational performance and social legitimacy. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 1575–1597.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, Y., & Cooke, F. L. (2012). Work–life balance in China? Social policy, employer strategy and individual coping mechanisms. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 50, 6–22.

    Google Scholar 


Page 2

Tensions in global work-life management