Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between background stressors and daily hassles?

Which of the following is found to be the least successful coping method for dealing with stress?

Avoidant coping

Which of the following is true of the consequences of stress?

Stress produces both biological and psychological consequences.

Which of the following refer to unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others?

Defense mechanisms

Which of the following is true about problem-focused coping?

Problem-focused coping leads to changes in behavior or to the development of a plan of action to deal with stress.

In the psychology of health and stress, Hans Selye is associated with the study of:

the general adaptation syndrome.

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between background stressors and daily hassles?

Background stressors and daily hassles are the same thing.

PTSD may result from:

cataclysmic events and severe personal stressors.

At which stage of Selye’s general adaptation model (GAS) are individuals the most likely to show negative consequences of stress?

Exhaustion

Sally was irritated as her cell phone got switched off due to low battery. This is an example of a _____.

background stressor

Which of the following sequences best captures the "stress cycle," from the beginning to the end of one cycle?

Stressor → stress → coping → adaptation

Which of the following is true of resilience?

Resilience results in the release of the hormone cortisol which is helpful in responding to challenges, although too much can produce damage.

Susan has been working tirelessly for the past few weeks due to tight deadlines. She is also being pressurized by her parents to get married and settle in life. Susan is stressed and has been detected with high blood pressure, skin rashes, and fatigue. She is in a helpless state and thinks her life is messed up. Susan is suffering from a(n) _____.

psychophysiological disorder

The strategy of preparing for stress before it happens is termed _____ coping.

proactive

Which of the following is true of stress?

The greater the number of uplifts we experience, the fewer the psychological symptoms we report later.

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome model is correctly matched with an example?

Exhaustion—coming down with a bad cold the day after you hand in that political science paper

Vivian always makes sure that he submits his class assignments before anybody else does. Also, he aims at getting the highest score among his classmates. Vivian has a _____ behavior pattern.

Type A

Which of the following behavior types is correctly matched with an adjective?

Type B: cooperative

The key component of the Type A behavior pattern, hostility, is highly toxic because it:

produces excessive physiological arousal in stressful situations.

The _____ behavior pattern is a cluster of behaviors involving hostility, competitiveness, time urgency, and feeling driven.

Type A

Patrick is a typical Type B personality. Patrick would be characterized by _____ behavior.

nonaggressive

Which of the following are strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect many people at once?

Cataclysmic events

Wishful thinking and the use of drugs exemplify the use of _____ coping.

avoidant

Dr. Alastair examines the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain. Dr. Alastair is a:

psychoneuroimmunologist.

Eve was stressed as she had got transferred to Italy. She decided to look at the brighter side of her relocation by telling herself that it will be a new experience, that she will be able to meet different people, and see new places. Eve is observing _____ coping.

emotion-focused

"Don’t wait for the storm to pass—learn to dance in the rain," exhorts an inspirational poster you notice in an office. This quote most directly relates to the _____ component of hardiness.

challenge

Efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress are termed:

coping.

Stress may impair our production of disease-fighting white blood cells called:

lymphocytes.

Faced with overlapping, unrealistic deadlines at work, Ivan recruits his friends to perform some of the routine clerical tasks associated with the projects. Ivan is engaged in _____ coping.

problem-focused

Owen is a Type B personality. Owen would be characterized by _____ behavior.

noncompetitive

According to the World Health Organization, about what percentage of the world’s population will die as a result of smoking?

10%

The component of the Type A pattern most strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of:

hostility.

The number of hassles people experience is _____ correlated with the frequency of such problems as the flu, a sore throat, and backaches. The number of uplifts people experience is _____ correlated with the frequency of these sorts of problems.

positively; negatively

Agreeing with the statement: "Sometimes I feel like I can’t do anything about my life" would reflect which of the following?

Learned helplessness

Which category of stressor is correctly matched with an example?

Personal stressor—being fired

In the long term, the most effective means of reducing smoking may be:

changes in societal norms and attitudes toward the habit.

The _____ behavior pattern is characterized by a patient and nonaggressive manner.

Type B

Which of the following is true of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

In some cases, exhaustion allows people to escape a stressor.

Annie is a Type A individual. She would be characterized by _____ behavior.

hostile (stop for quiz A-44qstions)

Overall, the set point for happiness is _____ and it is determined:

relatively high; at least partly by genetics

Which of the following statements is true regarding male and female physicians’ communication with their patients?

Female physicians provide more patient-centered communication than do male physicians.

Which of the following is true about happiness?

Generally, money does not buy happiness

Most people think that they are _____ famous people like Oprah Winfrey.

happier than

Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

The body system that plays the greatest role in Selye’s GAS is called the

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

There is a distinct physiological pattern that emerges when people are exposed to strong and prolonged stress. Hans Selye labeled this response pattern the

general adaptation syndrome.

Who is experiencing the benefits of social support?

Ava joined a weight-watchers club.

You walk into your biology class and unexpectedly see a quiz waiting for you on your desk. If you are not prepared for the quiz, you are likely to experience the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

alarm

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the preliminary hypotheses in regards to the relationship between stress and the immune system?

Stress directly promotes disease-producing processes.

The general adaptation syndrome refers to the

body’s response to stressors.

Jeanne only drinks alcohol when she is playing bridge with her friends. Her motive for drinking would be characterized as

social

Which statement is NOT correct concerning the relationship between the immune system and stress?

Acute stressors produce enhanced immune system functioning.

Jennie’s father comes home after a long day of work and has a couple of strong drinks to help him relax. His motive for drinking would be characterized as

coping.

Katie has been diagnosed with breast cancer and is under significant stress. She is now undergoing a series of chemotherapy treatments to attempt to treat the cancer. According to Selye, Katie is in the ________ stage of GAS.

resistance

If Jason decides that the snake he sees is dangerous, he has made a

cognitive appraisal.

Smoking contributes to all of the following EXCEPT

death from accidents.

A(n) ________ activity is defined as one that increases heart rate and lung functioning.

aerobic

A fundamental premise of the general adaptation syndrome is that

a stressor produces the same physical symptoms in all people.

A person who tries to quit smoking "cold turkey" is

trying to stop without making any major lifestyle changes.

Identify the correct statement relating to happy people.

Happy people like to be around other people.

Macy is about to try to quit smoking. We can predict that she will

relapse several times before successfully quitting.

Based on the text, which of these is an accurate description of the relationship between stress and the immune system and cancer?

The physiological effects of stress inhibit immune responses to cancer.

Lifestyle choices, behaviors, and psychological characteristics are the main focus of ________ psychology.

health

According to the text, a key element in predicting whether Barry will change his drinking behavior is

how ready he is to change the behavior.

Researchers have found that the most effective component of weight-loss programs is

regular exercise.

According to the general adaptation syndrome, possible serious biological damage may occur during the ________ stage.

exhaustion

Shirley is talking to a group of third graders about the importance of drinking plenty of water every day. She is focused on

health promotion.

Mark is excited about the big presentation he is going to give the board of directors this morning. Although he stayed up most of the night perfecting the presentation, he feels energized and ready to go. Mark is exhibiting

hardiness.

Tim was told by his doctor that if he did not stop eating fast foods, he would turn diabetic and obese. This is an example of a _____ health message.

negatively

Andrew was told by his physician that he would be able to control his diabetes if he controls his diet and avoids the use of sugar in his diet. Andrew was given a(n) _____ framed health message by his physician.

positively

Most individuals in the United States would rate themselves as:

pretty happy

With respect to gender differences in happiness, which of the following statements is most accurate?

Men and women are made happy by most of the same things.

Which of the following statements about optimism and coping is FALSE?

Optimists avoid paying attention to news that is negative.

Rosemary is interested in studying the relationships between emotion, the nervous system, and the immune system. She would be most interested in the field of

psychoneuroimmunology.

Josh was just in an automobile accident. The first thing he does is call his insurance company and begin the claim process. Josh is engaging in ________ coping.

problem-focused

If you are managing your problem as opposed to confronting your problem, you are engaged in ________ coping.

emotion-focused

Twenty-year-old Shynara has been smoking since she was 12 and wants to quit.While no method is foolproof, the most successful avenue for breaking the addiction is often

a combination of methods.

Ryan is sad because his girlfriend just broke up with him. Ryan’s father assures him that he has lots of desirable traits and that he will be OK. Ryan’s father is primarily providing what kind of social support?

Emotional support

In which of the following situations might emotion-focused coping be most beneficial?

After your dog dies

Linda was suffering from an eye infection. Her doctor prescribed her eye drops that she had to use 4 times a day, and advised her to apply warm compresses 5 times every day. The doctor also asked her to avoid using eye makeup. However, Linda used the solution only once a day and rarely applied warm compresses to her eye. She also continued to use eye makeup. Linda is practicing:

creative nonadherence.

After a long week of final exams is over, many students end up getting sick the following week. This is most likely an illustration of the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

exhaustion

Maurice is desperately attempting to study for his first test in psychology. However, the book store has run out of textbooks. He loaned his notes to the good-looking girl who sits behind him, and she has not returned them. The test is scheduled for tomorrow morning and he has a headache. Maurice is experiencing

stress

Who is NOT engaged in what psychologists refer to as health behaviors?

Jim is studying his history notes.

The level of subjective well-being is very stable because:

people have a general set point for happiness.

Preventive health behavior is best motivated by _____ framed messages; behavior leading to the detection of a disease is best motivated by _____.

positively; negatively framed messages

After studying all week for final exams, eating poorly, and not getting enough sleep, Shelly woke up the day after her last exam with the flu. She is in which stage of the GAS?

Exhaustion

Yolanda is taking the "cold turkey" approach to stopping her drinking habit. This means that she is

not taking another drink of alcohol.

Which individual will cope most successfully with stress?

Tara exercises regularly.

Blythe takes the medication prescribed by her doctor. However, she takes an increased dose and combines the drug with other medications based on her past experience. Blythe is practicing:

creative nonadherence.

Which of the following is true of physicians’ communication with their patients?

Patients may be reluctant to volunteer information that might cast them in a bad light.

A surge in ________ caused by severe emotional distress may contribute to one’s risk of a heart attack.

adrenaline

Who is most likely going to achieve his or her desired weight loss?

Stan wants to make the track team.

A situation, circumstance, or event that challenges the individual and requires some form of coping mechanism best defines the term

stressor.

Happy people:

hold moderately inflated views of themselves.

Identify the correct statement with regard to happiness of people.

Few differences exist between members of different demographic groups.

When a rat is first introduced to an overcrowded cage, it will likely enter the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

alarm

A study conducted by Lehman and Taylor reports that California students living in dormitories unlikely to withstand an earthquake were more likely to doubt earthquake predictions than were students living in safer structures. This example best illustrates:

a defense mechanism.

Which of the following is true about the general adaptation syndrome?

The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is known as the alarm and mobilization stage.

Smoking is the number _____ preventable cause of death in the United States; one in _____ deaths in the United States is/are caused by smoking.

one; five

The Type A and Type B behavior patterns are best seen as:

ends of a continuum.

"Don’t wait for the storm to pass—learn to dance in the rain," exhorts an inspirational poster you notice in an office. This quote most directly relates to the _____ component of hardiness

challenge