All but one of the following events took place in 1492, which was a momentous time in history. Which of the following DID NOT happen in that year?
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Fill in the blank. 15th century navigators had a problem determining the angular distance of a point’s meridian from the Prime (Greenwich) Meridian. It was only in the 18th century, with the invention of the chronometer, that a solution was found. This angular distance is called ____________.
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Fill in the blank. Christopher Columbus and the “Catholic Monarchs” of Spain signed a contract which specified that if a route westwards from Europe to Asia was found, Columbus would be designated ___________________.
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How many voyages did Christopher Columbus make to North America?
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How many voyages to the New World did Christopher Columbus embark on?
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In the early period of European exploration, the Portuguese developed a new type of ship which had an axled rudder and two, three, or four masts. In 1492, two of the three ships on Christopher Columbus’s voyage were this type of ship. What is this type of ship called?
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The following statement best describes which Portuguese explorer? He commanded the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean.
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The following statements best describes which Portuguese explorer? He was one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery. He was also the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India.
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There were many reasons for the Spanish crown to subsidize Columbus’s plan to find a westward route from Europe to Asia. Which of the following was NOT a reason?
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Which civilization had a well-organized political structure and close-knit hierarchical society that enabled it to become the largest civilization in South America by 1500?
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Which of the following tools was unavailable to 15th century navigators?
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Why was Prince Henry of Portugal (1394-1460) nicknamed “the Navigator”?
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What is the mid-to-late 15th century called?
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Fill in the blank. In 1506, Ponce de León discovered an island named Borinquen in the Caribbean Sea. In 1508, he renamed the island _____________.
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Fill in the blank. Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro founded the city of Lima (known as “La Ciudad de los Reyes” or “The City of Kings”) on January 18, 1535. It became the capital and most important city in the Spanish ________________.
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Fill in the blank. While Spain concentrated its efforts in South America, France claimed most of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains. The French explorers Jacques Cartier (1542) and Samuel de Champlain (1608) established outposts along the St. Lawrence River and into the Great Lakes, founding the territory known as ______________.
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Filled with guns, the most heavily armed merchant ship of the period was often used to carry gold, silver, and other riches from the New World. What was this ship called?
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In 1521, Hernán Cortés led the final assault against the Aztecs. This bloody attack combined with which of the following epidemics caused the once powerful Aztec empire to crumble?
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In 1533, Atahualpa—the Inca sovereign emperor—was captured by Pizarro and his men. Atahualpa offered them a large ransom of gold and silver in exchange for his release. How did Pizarro react to Atahualpa’s offer?
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In which region did the Inca civilization flourish?
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Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto, explored North America for a northern passage to trade Spain’s New World Gold with China, which at the time was the finest market in the world. In doing so, he crossed how many states?
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The city of Tenochtitlán was the city-state of which civilization?
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The Columbian Exchange brought a wide variety of new crops and livestock to both hemispheres. Which one of the following plants is not native to the New World and was brought by European explorers to America?
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The founding of colonies in the New World coincided with the rise of which economic theory?
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Who ordered the attack on the Aztec population in the midst of what he viewed as an alarmingly frenetic religious celebration?
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In which region did the Aztec civilization flourish?
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Fill in the blank. The “New Laws of the Indies, 1542” caused great unrest in the Spanish Americas leading to a revolt in Peru by the ______________.
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In the 1520s, the Spanish crown introduced the audiencia system to run the overseas government. However, after it became clear that it was not sufficient, which of the following political figures was introduced?
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The encomienda was a labor system employed by the Spaniards during the colonization of the Americas, by which the crown granted a person a number of natives. What did the recipient of these natives have to do?
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The missions also included a fort to protect those associated with the mission from hostile Indians or European rivals. What was this fort called?
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The Mita was a labor system used by the Spanish conquistadors to supply workforce when needed for the silver mines. The Mita was a variation of a mandatory public service labor system originally created by which of the following people?
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The most significant religious event of the Colonial period was the apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe to a newly converted Indian in 1531. Subsequently, the Virgin of Guadalupe is also known as which of the following?
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Under the caste system of colonial Spain, which term was originally applied to the children resulting from the union of a peninsular and an Amerindian?
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Which social class in the caste system of the Spanish colonies comprised the locally born people of pure Spanish ancestry?
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Why was the Dominican friar Bartolomé de Las Casas nicknamed “Father of the Indians”?
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Why was the mission system developed?
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Why were the “New Laws of the Indies” passed in 1542?
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The following statements best describe which institution? It aimed to foster and regulate trade and navigation. Based first in Seville, and later in Cadiz, it managed the Spanish commercial monopoly over its colonies.
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During which of the following time periods did the treasure fleet system reach its peak?
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Fill in the blank. On the second leg of their three-part journey—Triangular Trade—European ships transported African men, women, and children to the Americas. Traders referred to the Africa-Americas part of the voyage as the _______________.
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In the mid 1560s, a third fleet began sailing between the Spanish colony of the Philippines and Acapulco, on the west coast of New Spain. What was this fleet called?
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Many Spanish missioners recognized the evils of slavery. In the 16th century, which two Spanish priests became the most vocal on behalf of rights for the natives?
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Some of the New World’s unique products became its biggest exports. Which of the following products became highly lucrative due to the increasing demand by Europe’s bourgeoisie?
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Spanish gold and silver were an irresistible temptation, and some European countries authorized private persons and warships by letters of marque and reprisal to attack the Spanish Treasure Fleet. What were these individuals and their ships called?
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The following statement best describes which English commander, navigator, and pirate? He was the first to open English drive to penetrate the Spanish-American market, and his attempts to intercept the Spanish treasure fleet let many other English pirates make similar attempts.
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The following statement best describes which English sea captain, navigator, and pirate? He became the most feared by Spanish sailors; moreover, he is also known for leading the first English circumnavigation of the world.
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The Spanish Treasure Fleet system was centered on which two fleets?
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The Spanish “Black Legend” refers to which of the following?
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Under which queen did England emerge as the principal threat to Spain’s empire in America?
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Which mint, established in 1535, is considered the oldest in the Americas?
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All of the following statements are true of colonial Latin and South America EXCEPT:
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Catalina de Erazu was one of the most famous women of 16th century colonial Latin America. Why was she nicknamed ‘the nun ensign’?
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Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. In colonial Latin and South America, honor was a quality that only _______________ owned.
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Fill in the blank. The Economic role of women in Colonial Latin and South America was _____________________.
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In colonial Latin and South America women reached their legal maturity at what age?
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In colonial Latin and South America, all of the following statements were true of marriage EXCEPT:
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In colonial Latin and South America, how were dowries administered?
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In colonial Latin and South America, many women entered convents. Which of the following was NOT a common reason for their decision?
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In colonial Latin and South America, which one of the following reasons was NOT a ground for divorce?
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Many historians have linked the unpaid labor of millions of people (slavery) to which of the following historical events?
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The trans-Atlantic slave trade seriously affected the demographic growth of many African societies by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
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Which of the following lists the most significant imports into Africa during the trans-Atlantic trade in exchange for slaves?
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During the colonial period in the New World, which ethnic group assumed the role of intermediaries between Europeans and Indians by serving as soldiers, supervising Indian workers on the haciendas, and managing domestic servants in the town houses?
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By the middle of the 17th century, slave trade entered its most intense phase because of which of the following reasons?
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Fill in the blank. For Spain, the 17th century was one of ____________.
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Fill in the blank. In 1621, the government of the Netherlands gave the complete control over the trade from Guyana to the _______________.
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In 1494, Spain and Portugal signed a treaty which divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe along a meridian 370 leagues west of Cape Verde islands. What is the name of this document?
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The first Dutch settlement in the Americas was in which location?
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The following statement best describes which Spanish King? In 1580, this Spanish King successfully invaded Portugal, claiming to have inherited it along with its possessions in the East Indies and Brazil.
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The most significant Dutch legacy in Guyana was which of the following methods of land management?
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The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) brought the War of the Spanish Succession to a close and recognized the Bourbon succession in Spain on which condition?
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What was the catalyst for the British takeover of large territories of Guyana in 1796?
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Which religious order was expelled from the Portuguese and the Spanish empires, as well as from France in 1767?
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Who was Pedro Álvares Cabral?
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Who were the biggest and most serious challengers to Portuguese control over Brazil in the 16 and 17th centuries?
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Fill in the blank. Under King Philip II, the Spanish empire was commonly referred as _________________.
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After Napoleon’s invasion of the Spanish Peninsula, the first two outbreaks of rebellion in Latin America took place in 1809 in which region?
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Argentina took its first step towards independence by the hand of?
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During the Wars of Independence of Colombia and Venezuela, Simón Bolívar summoned a “congress” which produced the Venezuelan Constitution of 1819. What was the name of this “congress”?
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In the early 1800s, the events during the French wars had little effect in Latin America. Then, unexpectedly Napoleon sent the French armies into the Iberian peninsula and usurped the Spanish crown. During which of the following time periods did this occur?
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On December 17, 1819, the Republic of Colombia, also known as the Gran Colombia, was proclaimed. The short-lived republic (1819-1831) included the territories of which present-day countries?
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Revolutionary leader José de San Martín participated in the independence movements of which three nations?
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The French and American revolutions led the members of which of the following social/ethnic groups to dream of change in Latin America?
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The Guayaquil Conference in 1822 was attended by two men whose broad aims were identical: the liberation of American from the Spanish. Who were these two revolutionary leaders?
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When the first stirrings of independence occurred in Latin America (1809-1810), most nations still proclaimed their loyalty to which Spanish King?
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Which revolutionary leader was nicknamed the “Liberator”?
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Which revolutionary leader was the author of the “Manifesto of Cartagena,” a powerful political pamphlet addressed to the citizens of New Granada, in which he offers a vision of a united effort to expel the Spaniards?
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Fill in the blank. François-Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture was the leader of the _______________.
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American diplomat Nicholas Trist negotiated the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, in which the United States claimed which of the following?
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As a result of the Treaty of Paris (1898), Spain lost its control over which colonies?
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Brazil declared its independence from Portugal on September 7, 1822; however, it was not recognized as an independent nation until which of the following years?
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Fill in the blank. During 1819-1830, Simón Bolívar participated in the foundation of and presided over the first union of independent nations in Latin America, which was named _______________.
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The Mexican-American War was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico during which time period?
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Which peace treaty ended the Mexican-American War?
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Which war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898?
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Who is considered the father of the “old” Pan-Americanism?
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Who was Dom Pedro I (1798-1834)?
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Who was the leader of the Chilean Independence?
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Who was the leader of the Mexican War of Independence?
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In the newly independent nations of Latin and South America, the elites exhibited the influence of which particular intellectual movement?
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Which statement best describes the effects of the Virgin of Guadalupe on the spread of Catholicism in Mexico?
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