The Integumentary System[edit | edit source] Show
The integumentary system is the largest organ of the body that forms a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain. The integumentary system includes
In addition to its barrier function, this system performs many intricate functions such as body temperature regulation, cell fluid maintenance, synthesis of Vitamin D, and detection of stimuli. The various components of this system work in conjunction to carry out these functions[1]. General Function[edit | edit source]The integumentary system has several functions that provide several purposes[2]:
Organ Systems Involved[edit | edit source]Skin[edit | edit source]
Epidermis:
Image: Overview of the integumentary system[4] Composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells that further break down into four to five layers (see image R). From superficial to deep, the primary layers are the
Dermis
Further subdivides into two layers
Pathophysiology and Injury eg
Hypodermis[edit | edit source]The hypodermis lies between the dermis and underlying organs.
Hair[edit | edit source]Hair is a component of the integumentary system and extends downward into the dermal layer where it sits in the hair follicle.
Nail[edit | edit source]
Associated Glands[edit | edit source]Four types of exocrine glands within human skin—Sweat, sebaceous, ceruminous, and mammary glands. Sweat glands, are further divided into eccrine and apocrine glands.
Sebaceous glands are part of the pilosebaceous unit, which includes the hair, hair follicle, and arrector pili muscle.
Pathophysiology eg Seborrheic dermatitis, Hyperhidrosis Conclusion[edit | edit source]The integumentary system provides numerous functions necessary for human life while also maintaining an optimal internal environment for other critical components to thrive.
References[edit | edit source]
How does the integumentary contribute to immunity?It retains body fluids and defends against the entry of invaders such as viruses, bacteria and parasites. It also helps to maintain a constant body temperature. Skin contains receptors that sense, for example, temperature, touch and pain.
How does the integumentary system work with the other body systems?The skin and other parts of the integumentary system work with other organ systems to maintain homeostasis. The skin works with the immune system to defend the body from pathogens by serving as a physical barrier to microorganisms. Vitamin D is needed by the digestive system to absorb calcium from food.
How do the integumentary and lymphatic systems work together?The lymphatic system delivers lymph, white blood cells, and antibodies to the site of any infection the breaches the barrier of the integumentary system. Additionally, the lymphatic system helps to protect the integumentary system by pumping lymph through the skin of the integumentary system.
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