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Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology3rd EditionKenneth Saladin, Robin McFarland 1,971 solutions The Lymphatic System THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IS COOPERATIVE The lymphatic system aids the immune system in removing and destroying waste, debris, dead blood cells, pathogens, toxins, and cancer cells. The lymphatic system absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system and delivers these nutrients to the cells of the body where they are used by the cells. The lymphatic system also removes excess fluid, and waste products from the interstitial spaces between the cells. THE TRANSFORMATION ... WHAT IS LYMPH? After plasma has delivered its nutrients and removed debris, it leaves the cells. 90% of this fluid returns to the venous circulation through the venules and continues as venous blood. The remaining 10% of this fluid becomes lymph which is a watery fluid that contains waste products. This waste is protein-rich due to the undigested proteins that were removed from the cells. The lymph is formed when the interstitial fluid (the fluid which lies in the interstices of all body tissues) is collected through lymph capillaries. It is then transported through lymph vessels to lymph nodes before emptying ultimately into the right or the left subclavian vein, where it mixes back with blood. ... LYMPHATIC CIRCULATION As it moves upward toward the neck the lymph passes through lymph nodes which filter it to remove debris and pathogens. The cleansed lymph continues to travel in only one direction, which is upward toward the neck. ... THE ORIGIN OF LYMPH Approximately 90% of this tissue fluid flows into the small veins. Here it enters the venous circulation as plasma and continues in the circulatory system. ... LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES ... LYMPHATIC VESSELS Deeper within the body the lymphatic vessels become progressively larger and are located near major blood veins. Like veins, the lymphatic vessels, which are known as lymphangions, have one-way valves to prevent any backward flow. Smooth muscles in the walls of the lymphatic vessels cause the angions to contract sequentially to aid the flow of lymph upward toward the thoracic region. Because of their shape, these vessels are previously referred to as a string of pearls. ... LYMPH NODES Afferent lymphatic vessels carry unfiltered lymph into the node. Here waste products, and some of the fluid, are filtered out. In another section of the node, lymphocytes, which are specialized white blood cells, kill any pathogens that may be present. This causes the swelling commonly known as swollen glands. Lymph nodes also trap and destroy cancer cells to slow the spread of the cancer until they are overwhelmed by it. Efferent lymphatic vessels carry the filtered lymph out of the node so that it can continue its return to the circulatory system. ... DRAINAGE AREAS ... How is lymph moved through lymphatic vessels?There is no pump in the lymphatic system like the heart in the cardiovascular system. The pressure gradients to move lymph through the vessels come from the skeletal muscle action, respiratory movement, and contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls.
How is lymph moved through the body quizlet?Lymphatic fluid is moved through the lymphatics by the milking action of active skeletal muscles, pressure changes within the thorax during breathing, valves to prevent back flow, and pulsation of adjacent arteries.
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