Watch the short video above to see how to create a proper in-text citation using signal phrases and parenthetical citations. Below, you will find additional information about how to cite your sources within your text. Show General rules (all source types):
Pages and Specific PartsWhen citing a book, journal article, or other paged source, use the page number of the borrowed material.
When citing a source without page numbers (such as websites), find a way for the reader to locate the information you are using. This could be a section or heading name on a website, a paragraph number (manually count the paragraphs and use the abbreviation 'para.'), a slide number on a PowerPoint, a timestamp for a video, etc. Immunotherapy "treatment involves a series of injections of purified allergen extracts" (Mayo Clinic, n.d., "Treatment" section, para.3). To cite a quote from a film or other audiovisual media, use a time stamp in place of the a page number. (Whedon, 2015, 16:30) Quotations or ParaphrasesA 'narrative' in-text citation incorporates the citation information within the text you are writing. Spencer (2006) notes that it is acceptable "to state the author's name at the beginning of the sentence, rather than always putting it in the parenthetical citation" (pp. 5-6). OR A 'parenthetical' citation has all of the citation information within parentheses. Many students still refuse to "separate the author from the citation at the end of the quoted material" (Spencer, 2006, pp. 5-6). Organization as the AuthorIf you want to abbreviate the name of the organization. Introduce the abbreviation by first including the whole name, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses.
Unknown Author
Example: Acquiring effective study habits is the most important indicator of first-year college student success ("Students," 2002, para. 3). Personal CommunicationThis can include private letters, some email, interviews you conduct, etc. They are not recoverable (no one else will be able to find this information) so do not need to be listed on the Reference page but will need to be cited in your text. Follow the same order for other in-text citations - immediately following the quote or paraphrase. First initials and last name of the communicator (personal communication, date of communication). Example: "The quality of work has increased year to year" (D. Porterfield, personal communication, June 10, 2019). Secondary SourceIf a source you are using refers to another source, try to obtain that other source for a citation. If you can't get to that source use "as cited in" to acknowledge both sources. Include the date of the original source (should be on the source you are using's Reference page); if the date is not listed then omit that part of the citation. (Greave, 2015, as cited in Schein, 2017) - where the source you have is by Schein from 2017, but you are citing an article by Greave published in 2015. Greave's speech (as cited in Schein, 2017) - when you do not know the date of the original source. In-text citation format by author type
*Group authors with abbreviations are NOT abbreviated on the Reference page, spell out the entire name. How do you quote an article title inInstead of the author's name, include the first few words of the work's title in the in-text citation. Enclose the title in double quotation marks when citing an article, web page or book chapter. Italicize the title of periodicals, books, and reports.
Do you quote an article title APA 7?In general, the title of a work is recorded just as the words appear in the publication.
How do you mention an article title in APA 7?Use double quotation marks around the title of an article, a chapter, or a Web page and italicize the title of a periodical, a book, a brochure, or a report: . . . on free care ("Study Finds," 2017). . . . in the book College Bound Seniors (2018).
How do you cite the title of an article?The basic format is as follows: Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical, Day Month Year, pages.
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