What are the 3 major family systems?

It is relatively easy to understand the structure of a family system but more difficult to understand the inner workings of how that system functions. Let’s start with a simple explanation of the family system structure.

If a man meets a woman and they marry, you have the beginning of a family “system.” Let’s say that this couple then goes on to have three children. As each child is added to the family, the “system” becomes larger and more complex. The same couple could go on to adopt another child, invite grandma to live with them and even assume custody of a wayward nephew whose parents are sick. It’s not necessary that each person in the “family” system be related biologically. But they do need to have regular contact with each other for a prolonged period of time. So, to answer our first question, we can say that a family system is merely the sum of all its members.

How do family systems work?

Psychologists who work with families usually see them as a unit. It is assumed that all members have different personalities, habits, perspectives and interpretations of events. What one member does or doesn’t do affects not only him or herself but everyone else in the family as well. It is like a game of billiards. When you shoot the cue ball into a cluster of other balls it scatters them in various direction; some more than others. In other words, the action of one member affects everyone else in that family system. Here’s an example to make it clearer.

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For example, Ruth and Kyle and have been married for 12 years and have three children. Kyle had a drinking problem for a few years in college and as a single adult. But when he met Ruth, he promised her he would stop drinking. But lately he has been sneaking alcohol behind her back. Ruth suspects that he is stopping at the bar on his way home from work but is afraid to ask Kyle because he becomes enraged if questioned about his drinking behavior. Since he has started drinking again, his interaction with Ruth and the children is minimal. He spends most of his evenings tinkering at his workbench or watching television alone in his bedroom.

There are many repercussions of Kyle’s behavior, but the most obvious is his relational disengagement from everyone in his family. As he isolates himself because of the guilt he feels and other situations for which he is unhappy, his wife and children suffer the consequences. As Kyle withdraws relationally, he also holds back the support, encouragement or guidance that his wife and children need from him as their husband and father. So everyone must try to adjust to this new and confusing behavior. If Kyle continues this behavior for a long period, Ruth and the children will make permanent adjustments probably stop looking to Kyle to meet these needs. So, you can see how the behavior of one member, affects all the members of the family. It is an emotional game of marbles. As one member bumps against the other, it forces that person to adapt; many times in unhealthy ways.

There are developmental benchmarks that measure whether a family’s health is on track. These benchmarks are not always as visible as the development of speech or mobility in a child, but they are just as important to the health of the family. There are many developmental components of a healthy family but we will examine two important ones: the emotional system and family boundaries.

The emotional system

For a family to mature as a system they must have a healthy emotional system in place. As with any family system, the adults set the tone for how the emotional structure of the family will develop and be maintained. For example, the way a husband and wife interact with one another, and with their children directly, sets a precedent for how the children will then interact with one another and their peers. If there is respect, tolerance, attentive listening and grace extended on a regular basis, especially during conflict, then the emotional system of a family will develop healthily. This forms a strong foundation to work from when difficult circumstances arise and the family members must pull together for mutual support and encouragement.

The goal of any family system is to build into the individual relationships of each person in a way that breeds cooperation, respect, kindness and love. Parents much model this behavior if they want their children to follow that line of thinking. It’s take deliberate effort, but the payoff of having a family system that is healthy and vibrant is worth the effort.

The family systems theory is a theory introduced by Dr. Murray Bowen that suggests that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as a part of their family, as the family is an emotional unit. Families are systems of interconnected and interdependent individuals, none of whom can be understood in isolation from the system.

The family system

According to Bowen, a family is a system in which each member had a role to play and rules to respect. Members of the system are expected to respond to each other in a certain way according to their role, which is determined by relationship agreements. Within the boundaries of the system, patterns develop as certain family member's behavior is caused by and causes other family member's behaviors in predictable ways. Maintaining the same pattern of behaviors within a system may lead to balance in the family system, but also to dysfunction. For example, if a husband is depressive and cannot pull himself together, the wife may need to take up more responsibilities to pick up the slack. The change in roles may maintain the stability in the relationship, but it may also push the family towards a different equilibrium. This new equilibrium may lead to dysfunction as the wife may not be able to maintain this overachieving role over a long period of time.

There are eight interlocking concepts in Dr. Bowen's theory:

• Triangles: The smallest stable relationship system. Triangles usually have one side in conflict and two sides in harmony, contributing to the development of clinical problems.
• Differentiation of self: The variance in individuals in their susceptibility to depend on others for acceptance and approval.
• Nuclear family emotional system: The four relationship patterns that define where problems may develop in a family.
      - Marital conflict
      - Dysfunction in one spouse
      - Impairment of one or more children
      - Emotional distance
• Family projection process: The transmission of emotional problems from a parent to a child.
• Multigenerational transmission process: The transmission of small differences in the levels of differentiation between parents and their children. 
• Emotional cutoff: The act of reducing or cutting off emotional contact with family as a way managing unresolved emotional issues.
• Sibling position: The impact of sibling position on development and behavior.
• Societal emotional process: The emotional system governs behavior on a societal level, promoting both progressive and regressive periods in a society.

Many of these concepts are discussed in the context of genograms in the book Genograms: Assessment and Intervention by Monica McGoldrick, Randy Gerson and Sylvia Shellenberger.

Family systems therapy

One of the best ways to begin therapy and to gain understanding of how the emotional system operates in your family system is to put together your family genogram. Studying your own patterns of behavior, and how they relate to those of your multigenerational family, reveals new and more effective options for solving problems and for changing your response to the automatic role you are expected to play.

Creating a family genogram

GenoPro is a unique software perfectly suited for creating quick computer-generated genograms. By entering key information, such as names of family members, key life events, emotional relationships, and social relationships, the user can easily create a multi-generational genogram of their family system or of their patient's family system. The genogram thus created becomes a graphical picture of the family, helping the user to identify patterns of behavior and dysfunctions that need to be addressed.

What are the types of family systems?

What is the family system?

What is an example of family systems theory?

What are the main concepts of family systems theory?