Early Warning Signs of CancerThere are many early warning signs of cancer in dogs and cats. Some of them can be very vague such as vomiting and diarrhea and others can be very obvious such as large lumps on the body that are easily observed and felt. Show
Cancer is more common in older dogs and cats, but we must remember that even young dogs and cats can develop cancer. As I mentioned above, any obvious lumps or bumps on the body, head or legs could potentially be a cancerous tumor. Hard lumps that are well-attached to underlying tissues are more likely to be cancerous. Also very small skin lesions can turn out to be cancerous. Lymph nodes are those small bean shaped organs found throughout the body and are typically difficult to find. If you ever find a swollen lump by either side of the jaw near the neck, in the arm pits, in the groin area or on the rear legs behind the area of the knee, they could potentially be swollen lymph nodes. Cancer of the lymph nodes is the most common cancer found in young dogs and cats. Physical Symtoms of Cancer in DogsAbdominal distension can mean many things, but in older dogs it can often be an indication of a large cancerous mass on one of the abdominal organs. Coughing, sneezing, vomiting and diarrhea are very common signs that often are an indication of minor issues such as infections, allergies and stomach upset, but which can sometimes be an indication of cancer as well. Coughing with blood can be an indication that cancer may be growing in the throat or chest. Sneezing blood (especially from only one nostril) can be an indication that cancer may be growing in the nose. A bulging of one eye can be an indication of glaucoma due to eye cancer that is fairly common in dogs and cats. Seizures in an elderly dog or cat that has no prior history of seizures could be an indication that he/she may have a brain tumor. If your pet has not been spayed or neutered there are some forms of cancer that are common in these dogs and cats. A female dog that has not been spayed or was spayed after her fourth heat cycle (around her 3rd birthday) have an increased risk of developing mammary tumors. Dogs that have not been spayed also have the risk of developing cancer of the uterus or the ovaries. Male dogs that have not been neutered (castrated) can develop testicular cancer. Any intact male dog that has testicles that are uneven in size, with the larger one hard and irregular, is a strong suspect for testicular cancer. Finally, weight loss without any other apparent signs of illness is a very important finding and can be an indication of cancer. If your pet is happy, eating and drinking but is losing weight, there is something abnormal going on and your pet needs to be examined. The Ten Primary Cancer Warnings to Lookout For
One Last Thing to Keep in MindAll of these signs can be an indication of cancer but they can also be an indication of much simpler problems. The initial step to take when you first observe a problem with your pet is to call your veterinarian and schedule an exam. Don’t wait! Table of Contents:
Orchitis is an inflammatory condition of the testes or testicles that can occur in dogs. It may involve one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) testicles and is often associated with epididymitis, which is inflammation of the epididymis, since the two structures are so closely related. In dogs, orchitis is commonly caused by a bacterial infection where the bacteria enter the testes via the urine, prostatic secretions, blood, mucus membranes or trauma like a puncture wound. Other infectious agents that have been reported to cause orchitis include canine distemper virus, fungal infections (blastomycosis and coccidiomycosis) and tick borne diseases (ehrlichiosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever). Trauma to the testicles can also cause an immune mediated orchitis, lymphocytic orchitis, where the body’s own immune system causes the inflammation, and testicular damage. Orchitis may occur rapidly (acute) or may develop slowly with time (chronic). Intact male breeding dogs or intact male dogs that are allowed to roam free are at increased risk for developing orchitis. Older intact male dogs with a history of chronic prostatic or urinary tract infections are also at risk, as infection can spread into the testicles. What to Watch ForSymptoms of Orchitis in Dogs may include:
Diagnosis of Orchitis in DogsA complete physical examination including the palpation of the testicles and prostate is essential. Additional tests may include:
Treatment of Orchitis in Dogs
Home Care and PreventionIf your dog was neutered, the incision should be checked daily for any sign of swelling or discharge. The scrotal sack may be slightly swollen post-operatively, but the swelling should slowly resolve within a week or two. If skin sutures are used, they should be removed in 7 to 10 days. If your dog begins to lick the area excessively, an Elizabethan collar (a collar designed to prevent licking) may be required. The best prevention for orchitis is castration at an early age. Animals that are not neutered should have recheck evaluations. More Information on Orchitis in DogsDogs with orchitis present with different clinical signs depending on whether it is an acute (sudden) or chronic (developing slowly over time) condition. Dogs with acute orchitis are usually very painful and act ill. If the orchitis is caused by a bacterial infection, it can lead to septicemia, which is the spread of bacteria into the blood, and which can be life threatening. Testicular abscesses can also form with severe orchitis. Abscesses can become very large and may even break through the skin of the scrotum. In dogs the most common cause of acute orchitis is infection caused by the bacteria Brucella canis. Other bacteria that can cause orchitis include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Proteus and Mycoplasma. Sometimes, the bacterial infection occurs slowly, but it is progressive and leads to a scarring of the testicles and infertility. This chronic orchitis is more difficult to diagnose since many animals feel fine, are not painful and have no clinical signs. Immune-mediated orchitis is also a chronic condition that may occur after trauma, or infection. It occurs once the barrier between the blood and testicular tissue is disrupted. An immune response to the testicle (specifically the animals sperm cells) then causes inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. Orchitis may also occur due to urinary tract infections. Infections of the prostate gland (prostatitis) or urinary bladder (cystitis) are common routes of transmission due to their close association with the testes (they are connected via the vas deferens). This can lead to either acute or chronic disease. Other diseases that cause similar symptoms as orchitis include:
More Information on Diagnosing Orchitis in DogsThe diagnosis of acute orchitis is usually strongly suspected on the basis of a good physical examination. Chronic orchitis is usually more difficult to diagnose and may require further testing.
More Information on Treating Orchitis in DogsThe two major factors are important in deciding the best treatment for orchitis. One is whether the animal is being used for breeding. Breeding animals present a problem, since the orchitis often leads to infertility. Despite therapy, these animals often have damage to the germinal cells of the testes (the cells producing sperm), fibrosis (scarring) of the testicle, and secondary immune destruction of the testicular tissue. These changes may not lead to infertility initially, but over several months, significant decreases in fertility are commonly seen. Additionally if breeding animals are diagnosed with Brucella canis, they should not be used for breeding again since they may be a potential source of infection to other dogs (and rarely for people), despite treatment. Effected animals should be neutered or euthanized. The other factor to consider when treating orchitis is whether it is an acute or chronic problem. Acute orchitis needs to be treated more aggressively, since the patient is usually in discomfort and is feeling ill. Animals are often brought to the veterinarian as an emergency due to the severe pain, lethargy, or weakness. Treatment may include intravenous antibiotics and fluids, and a longer hospitalization is often needed. With the chronic disease, animals are usually not ill and are brought to the veterinarian either for infertility or chronic intermittent infections. It is generally difficult to improve fertility in these animals. Specific treatment plans include:
Ongoing Care for Dogs with OrchitisOptimal treatment for your dog requires a combination of home and professional veterinary care. Follow-up can be critical, especially if your dog does not improve rapidly:
0 paws up Popular PostsPrevious ArticleNext ArticleIs it normal for dogs balls to be hard?Male dogs can suffer from orchitis, an inflammation of the testes in which one or both testicles become hard and swollen, or epididymitis, an inflammation of the testicular tube that contains sperm. Protect yourself and your pet.
Why does it look like my dog has 2 sets of balls?We believe the bulbus glandis is what most people see when they notice 'extra testicles'. When a dog is aroused, the bulb swells. Because it is located either side of the penis, it often looks like two little round lumps under the skin.
Why does my neutered dog have hard balls?Neutering your dog does not remove his bulbus glandis. The bulbus glandis, also called the knot, is erectile tissue that is located at the base of his penis, and that becomes engorged when your dog is excited. It is completely normal for the bulbus glandis to swell, even after neutering your dog.
What should a dog's balls look like?Both scrotal sacs will be filled with a single, firm, oval-shaped testicle. To confirm that the dog has two descended testicles, gently grasp the scrotum between the thumb and forefinger while the dog is standing or lying on his back. Both testicles should be distinct and easy to distinguish from each other.
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