What are 3 differences between light dependent and light-independent reactions?

Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and that energy is converted into stored chemical energy. In the light-independent reactions, the chemical energy harvested during the light-dependent reactions drives the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide. Therefore, although the light-independent reactions do not use light as a reactant, they require the products of the light-dependent reactions to function. In addition, however, several enzymes of the light-independent reactions are activated by light. The light-dependent reactions utilize certain molecules to temporarily store the energy: These are referred to as energy carriers. The energy carriers that move energy from light-dependent reactions to light-independent reactions can be thought of as “full” because they are rich in energy. After the energy is released, the “empty” energy carriers return to the light-dependent reaction to obtain more energy. Figure illustrates the components inside the chloroplast where the light-dependent and light-independent reactions take place.

Link to Learning

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Everyday Connection

Photosynthesis at the Grocery Store

Major grocery stores in the United States are organized into departments, such as dairy, meats, produce, bread, cereals, and so forth. Each aisle (Figure) contains hundreds, if not thousands, of different products for customers to buy and consume.

Although there is a large variety, each item ultimately can be linked back to photosynthesis. Meats and dairy link, because the animals were fed plant-based foods. The breads, cereals, and pastas come largely from starchy grains, which are the seeds of photosynthesis-dependent plants. What about desserts and drinks? All of these products contain sugar—sucrose is a plant product, a disaccharide, a carbohydrate molecule, which is built directly from photosynthesis. Moreover, many items are less obviously derived from plants: For instance, paper goods are generally plant products, and many plastics (abundant as products and packaging) are derived from “algae” (unicellular plant-like organisms, and cyanobacteria). Virtually every spice and flavoring in the spice aisle was produced by a plant as a leaf, root, bark, flower, fruit, or stem. Ultimately, photosynthesis connects to every meal and every food a person consumes.

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The light dependent and light independent reactions are two stages of photosynthesis that overall utilise light energy to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules. There are however major differences between the two stages.

Light requirement: As the name suggests, light dependent stage requires the absorption of light, and is the first stage of the reaction. The second stage is the light independent reaction, otherwise named as the Calvin cycle, which does not require sunlight.

Reaction site: Light dependent reaction takes place within the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts because the necessary machineries required are embedded within the membrane, including PSI, PSII, ATP synthase and various electron transport chain proteins. The light independent reaction takes place within the stroma of chloroplasts, where all the necessary enzymes are found.

Reactants and products: The reactants required for the light dependent reactions (not counting light) are ADP+ Pi, which will be converted into ATP and NADP, which will be reduced into reduced NADP. Additionally, water is also required for photolysis, with oxygen being produced as a waste product. The light independent reaction uses the ATP and reduced NADP from the light dependent reaction as reactants, to produce G3P by fixing carbon dioxide. RuBP, a 5 carbon compound is also required as a reactant for the light independent reaction, but will eventually be regenerated as a product.

Steps involved: The light dependent reaction is mostly a linear process that harvests light energy using pigments from both PSI and PSII, which results in excited electrons being passed through an electron transport chain. In certain cases, chloroplasts can also switch to a cyclic process, where only PSI is used and only ATP (no reduced NADP) will be produced as products. The light independent reaction is a cyclic process consisting of three major steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.

In light-dependent reactions, the first stage of photosynthesis, the energy from light propels electrons into a high-energy state. The thylakoid membrane absorbs photon energy of different wavelengths of light. These light-dependent reactions fuel the second stage of photosynthesis which are the light-independent reactions. CO2 provides a source of carbon for making carbohydrates.

Particles which transmit light

Light dependent reactions require an actual source of light. They need the wave lengths to help move the electrons creating energy. The photon cuts the H2O in half creating oxygen and hydrogen. This is what helps create energy and fuel the pant.

Once cut in half what does the Hydrogen and Oxygen do for photisynthesis?

the oxygen is released so we can breathe it. while the hydrogen continues to the light-independent process, where the hydrogen is concerted to chemical energy or sugar that the plant feeds on

Light dependent reactions have a more of a effect on the plant during photosynthesis, collecting the energy from the light that helps increase the CO2 levels in the reaction and keeps the O2 levels the same. The non-dependent reactions have a lesser effect, not letting the sunlight reach the plant because it is being covered up, the CO2 levels are still consistent but don't raise and the O2 levels are still the same.

Your right Charlie it will have more affect because by depending on light it has more affect on collecting energy for the plant.

this really helped thanks

One of them dropped because the color of the light and theyand because of the all the energy that its is being priduce by the light so so if it was red it would have a lot of energy and get more co2 but if the color was cooler like bleu then it would be less energyand less co2

light dependent reaction is the first stage. it collects energy through electrons and gets it in a high energy state. then next come the light independent reaction where CO2 is used to produce carbohydrates.

how does it collect electrons what element helps the plant transfer electrons?

The difference between light dependent and light independent reactions affect on plants is that during light dependent it needs light to react unlike light independent, it doesn't. Light dependent reactions happen by producing ATP and NADPH from all the energy that comes from the light. That's why light dependent cant react because it depends on light to do so. Unlike light dependent, light independents reaction occurs when fixing the carbon dioxide into the glucose using the ATP and NADPH produced in the light dependent reactions. Therefore, light dependent reactions cant happen without light unless ATP, CO2 and NADPH is present to react.

In light dependent reactions you actually need light, or a light source. The wave lengths of the light help move the electrons creating energy. The non-light dependent reactions have less of an effect on the plant, since the plant isn't receiving light.

Light-dependent need light to react and light-independent don't need light to react. Light depended produce ATP and NADPH from energy captured from light. Light independent fix carbon dioxide into glucose using the ATP and NADPH from the light dependent. Light independent can react without light as long as CO2, ATP, and NADPH are present.

Light-Dependent experiments are based on the plant or leaf needs a light in order to get it's data. Light-Nondependent experiments are based on the plant that doesn't need light in order to get it's data.

Light reaction is the actual source of light the divides the H2O by the photons, which makes hydrogen and oxygen these two things helps the plant lives.

Light dependent reactions capture the energy directly from the light and convert it into chemical energy. Light independent reactions are reactions that use the energy to produce sugars, such as glucose.

So during the light reactions the plant uses energy from the sun to divide H20 into H & O, then in the non dependent reactions it takes the C from the CO2 to produce carbohydrates.

light dependent doesn't need light but plants do need light.

Light dependent reactions produce energy captured from light. Light independent reactions fix carbon into glucose using the energy produced in light dependent reactions.

light independent reaction in plants has to do with fixing carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH that is produced in the light dependent. Light dependent happens from producing ATP and NADPH from the energy from light. The difference between light independent and light dependent is that light independent doesn't need light to make energy and light dependent does.

light dependent reaction gets energy from the light, and light independent reactions is reactions to fix carbon and to use the energy to produce glucose.

light dependent happens from producing NADPH and ATP. the differnece between light dependent and light independent are pretty obvious, light "dependent" means it needs light, light "indepebdent" means it doesnt need light. the plant uses energy from the light to split the h2o molecoules into H and O

light dependent reactions in plants is the process in which a plant will capture and store sunlight that will later be converted into chemical energy.

The first stage of photosynthesis is the light dependent, which requires light in order to capture the energy and for the photons (particles that transmit light) to split the H2O in half, releasing oxygen and hydrogen. Light independent reaction occurs when transforming carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light dependent stage.