Welcome to the OWL Workshop on APA Style! This workshop introduces important aspects of the American Psychological Association (APA) Style used to format research papers. The introductory material describes what APA Style is, why it is used, and who should use it. Following this, the resource provides links to some of the OWL's most helpful APA resources. Show
NOTE: This workshop should answer most of your basic questions about using APA Style. However, if you are writing a complex document such as a thesis or lengthy manuscript, or if you have detailed questions, you should consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition), which can often be found at your local library. You might also consult the APA's website, which allows visitors to order the book online and read frequently asked questions about APA style. Finally, see our Additional Resources page for additional references you can consult. What is APA Style?APA Style establishes standards of written communication concerning:
Why Use APA?Aside from simplifying the work of editors by having everyone use the same format for a given publication, using APA Style makes it easier for readers to understand a text by providing a familiar structure they can follow. Abiding by APA's standards as a writer will allow you to:
Who Should Use APA?APA Style provides fairly comprehensive guidelines for writing academic papers regardless of subject or discipline. However, traditionally, APA is most frequently used by writers and students in:
If you are a student, consult with an instructor to learn what style your discipline uses before using APA Style in your work. If APA Style is appropriate for your writing project, use the links below to learn more about APA and how to follow its rules correctly in your own work. APA Formatting and Writing StyleThe following pages introduce some of the basic requirements of APA Style as well as describing the different formatting and writing conventions that are used in APA papers. General APA Format
Headings and Seriation
Footnotes and Endnotes
APA Citations and Reference ListThe following pages walk through the details of making in-text citations and developing a reference page at the end of your paper. They contain numerous illustrative examples. In-Text Citations: The Basics
In-Text Citations: Author/Authors
Reference List: Basic Rules
Reference List: Author/Authors
Reference List: Articles in Periodicals
Reference List: Books
Reference List: Other Print Sources
Reference List: Electronic Sources
Reference List: Audiovisual Sources
Reference List: Other Non-Print Sources
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